Making the Modern World: Science, Education and Social-Ecological Engineering in Rural Southern Africa

历史项目C1从知识的角度研究社会生态系统，询问人类如何概念化他们与社会和环境的关系。在整个二十世纪，南非在“现代化”的旗帜下，看到了各种激进的国家措施，以积极塑造人与环境的关系。这一过程伴随着国家干预自然和社会的日益科学化，以一种日益隔离的方式看待白人和黑人的人类环境关系。本报告侧重于农村“现代化”的两个具体领域--农业知识和教育(约1902-1994)和改良计划(1960/70年代)--探讨知识和“专家”如何在农业日益工业化和商业化以及对“分开发展”的日益重视中发挥作用。

The historical project C1 researches into social-ecological systems from the angle of knowledge, asking how humans conceptualised their relations to society and environment. Throughout the twentieth century, South Africa saw a variety of drastic state measures to actively shape human-environment relations under the banner of ‘modernisation’. This process went hand in hand with a growing scientification of state intervention into both nature and society, which looked at white and black humanenvironment relations in an increasingly segregated way. Focussing on two specific fields of rural ‘modernisation’ – agricultural knowledge and education (ca. 1902-1994) and betterment schemes (1960s/70s) – C1 explores how knowledge and ‘experts’ featured in the growing industrialisation and commercialisation of agriculture and the increasing emphasis on ‘separate development’.