Shared Infrastructure Preservation Models

许多建议的数字保存模式需要个人牺牲公共利益。例如，一些建议的长期存储系统需要贡献X兆字节的存储今天的承诺Y兆字节的持久性存储（XY）。这类系统的例子包括Intermemory、Freenet、Free Haven和PAST。尽管有许多理论上有吸引力的功能，这些系统还没有找到广泛的接受。虽然一些系统需要不断增加的用户增长和参与，这更像是庞氏骗局（“金字塔”）而不是可持续的保存模式，但主要原因是用户几乎没有直接的激励来为团体的长期利益承担个人的短期成本。这一提议介于刷新（将数据位复制到不同的系统）和迁移（将数据传输到新的系统环境）之间。研究团队将研究在新位置刷新数据的方法，但由于没有对目标环境进行任何说明，因此要研究的方法也可用于迁移。将评估一些依赖于共享的现有基础设施的数字保存模式。其前提是，如果归档可以在一个广泛部署的基础设施内完成，而该基础设施的运营负担由许多合作伙伴分担，那么最终的系统将只有增量成本，并且可以容忍动态参与。该项目将考虑：-网络新闻传输协议（NNTP或“Usenet新闻”）-可靠的IP多播-简单邮件传输协议（SMTP或“电子邮件”）通过共享基础设施，参与者的个人成本保持在较低水平，总体系统功能不会受到参与者加入和离开的影响。这些模式主要侧重于创造性地利用现有的互联网协议和系统，以减少参与组织的部署和维护负担，不会“自动”保存数据，但应该使那些希望这样做的人更容易。将准备和传送与接收、储存和更新脱钩，使各种伙伴，包括地理上分散、代表性不足的群体和迟到的与会者能够参与。保存可以更容易地纳入课堂教育活动，因为参与者可以加入和离开，而无需明确登记或对系统产生直接影响。目前的保存系统，如LOCKSS，可以在课堂上讨论，但他们不适合自己的教学参与的“生活”系统。同样，各组织现在可以将保存机会（和相关成本）视为一个连续体，而不是“做”或“不做”保存的二元选择。

Many proposed digital preservation models require personal sacrifice for public good.For example, some proposed long-term storage systems require the contribution of X megabytes of storage today for the promise of Y megabytes of persistent storage (XY). Examples of such systems include the Intermemory, Freenet, Free Haven, and PAST. Despite having many theoretically attractive features, these systems have not foundwidespread acceptance. While some systems require an ever-increasing user growth and participation that is more like a Ponzi ("pyramid") scheme than a sustainable model for preservation, the main reason is there is little immediate incentive for users to incur a personal, short-term cost for a group, long-term benefit. Intellectual meritThis proposal fits somewhere between refreshing (copying the bits to different systems) and migration (transferring data to newer system environments). The research team will look at ways to refresh the data at new locations, but since no assumptionsare made about the target environment, the approaches to be investigated could be used for migration as well. A number of digital preservation models that rely on shared, existing infrastructure will be assessed. The premise is that if archiving can be accomplished within a widely deployed infrastructure whose operational burden is shared among many partners, the resulting system will have only an incremental cost and be tolerant of dynamic participation. The project will consider:- network news transfer protocol (NNTP or "Usenet news")- reliable IP multicast- simple mail transfer protocol (SMTP or "email")Through shared infrastructure, the individual cost for participation is kept low and aggregate system functionality is not greatly impacted by participants joining and leaving. The models primarily focus on creatively utilizing existing Internet protocols and systems in order to decrease the deployment and maintenance burden for participating organizations and will not "automatically" preserve data, but rathershould make it easy for those who wish to do so.Broader impactsLowering the barrier for participation in preservation activities is a direct result of using shared infrastructure. Decoupling preparation and transmission from reception, storage and refreshing allows the participation of various partners, including geographically distributed, underrepresented groups and late arriving participants. Preservation can more easily be incorporated in classroom educational activities because participants can join and leave without explicit registration or direct impact on the system. Current preservation systems, such as LOCKSS, can be discussed in the classroom, but they do not lend themselves to pedagogical participation in the "live" system. Similarly, organizations can now view preservation opportunities (and associated costs) as a continuum and not a binary choice of "doing" or "not doing" preservation.