A New Look at Violent Strombolian Eruptions - Past Behavior and Future Potential

以大量的火山灰产生和广泛的玄武岩熔岩流为特征的“剧烈暴喷发”（VS）是俯冲带环境中常见的火山活动形式。然而，这种活动最近很少受到火山学界的关注，部分原因是这些喷发并不完全符合现有的分类方案。为了对火山喷发有更全面的物理认识，Cashman和Wallace（俄勒冈大学）将与Rosi教授（比萨大学）和Delgado教授（墨西哥国立墨西哥大学）合作，对Paricutin（1943年，墨西哥）和Vesuvius（1906年，意大利）的猛烈斯特隆波利火山喷发所产生的沉积物进行比较和多学科调查。需要解决的重要问题包括岩浆挥发物在产生剧烈的斯特龙火山喷发中的作用、灰烬产生的机制、喷发方式的快速转变以及爆炸性和喷涌性（熔岩流）活动之间的特征关系。这项研究的更广泛的影响涉及到危害评估，因为剧烈的斯特隆伯利火山爆炸产生的高火山灰含量和大范围扩散可能会通过灰烬处理问题和空中交通的广泛中断造成严重的经济破坏，最近在意大利埃特纳火山发生的剧烈斯特隆伯利火山活动就说明了这一点。由于这类活动在世界上许多地方都有可能开展，项目主管部门设计了拟议工作的教育部分，包括美国、墨西哥和意大利的学生，他们除了进行基础研究外，还将参与危害评估。

"Violent strombolian" eruptions (VS), characterized by voluminous ash production and extensive basaltic lava flows, are a common form of volcanic activity in subduction zone environments. However, this activity has received scant recent attention from the volcanological community, in part because these eruptions do not fit neatly into existing classification schemes. To provide a more comprehensive physical understanding of VS eruptions, Profs. Cashman and Wallace (University of Oregon) will collaborate with Prof. Rosi (University of Pisa) and Prof. Delgado (UNAM, Mexico) to conduct a comparative and multi-disciplinary investigation of deposits produced by well-described violent strombolian eruptions of Paricutin (1943, Mexico) and Vesuvius (1906, Italy). Important issues to be addressed include the role of magmatic volatiles in generating violent strombolian eruptions, mechanisms of ash generation, rapid transitions in eruption styles, and the characteristic relationship between explosive and effusive (lava flow) activity. The broader impacts of this study relate to hazard assessment, as the high ash content and large dispersal range generated by violent strombolian explosions may cause severe economic disruption through problems of ash disposal and extensive disruption of air traffic, as illustrated by recent violent strombolian activity at Mt. Etna, Italy. Because of the potential for this type of activity in many parts of the world, the PIs have designed the educational component of the proposed work to include American, Mexican and Italian students, who will be involved with hazard assessment in addition to basic research.