Doctoral Dissertation Improvement Grant: Community Heterogeneity and Integration. The Maya Site of Nacimiento during the Seventh Century A.D.

在E博士的指导下。Wyllys Andrews V，Markus埃贝尔将调查危地马拉Petexbatun地区的小型玛雅遗址纳西米恩托。公元七世纪到八世纪纳西米恩托被占领，它的居民见证了权力的重大更迭公元世纪上半叶，由统治者B'alaj Chan K'awiil领导的一个新的皇家王朝抵达Petexbatun地区，并建立了多斯皮拉斯遗址。到公元700年左右，多斯皮拉斯成为新的地区强国。多斯皮拉斯的神圣国王可能要求当地居民提供劳动力和贡品，以建立新的政治中心，并促进他们广泛的军事和政治运动。作为该地区的新来者，他们还必须通过建立联盟和融入当地人口来建立自己的权力。本项目调查这一政治变化如何影响纳西米恩托的居民和社区：当地经济多样化了吗？地方精英是否失去了权力？传统仪式还在继续吗？纳西米恩托有30户人家，公共建筑很少，场地边界明确，是一个典型的地方化社区。一般来说，社区是基于共同的身份。个人从实践和抽象概念中创造出共同的身份， 特别是当他们生活在一个地方性的社区时 通过日常互动和共同关注。同时，社区也是异质的。个体成员可能从事不同的经济活动，可能拥有不同的财富，可能扮演不同的社会政治角色。个体差异意味着不同的兴趣、经历和知识。那么，尽管存在异质性，一个社区的整合是如何实现的？有人认为，社区构成了一个社会政治竞技场，在其中个人谈判的融合和分裂的过程。该项目调查这些过程中的经济，社会政治和仪式结构的本地化社区。区域政治变化对这些地方结构可能产生的影响应突出显示形成纳西米恩托作为一个地方社区的一体化和异质性的动态过程。外部力量，在这种情况下是一个新的区域政治精英，并不仅仅决定一个共同体的内部结构。社区成员可以利用新的机会，重新确定自己的地位。社区也可以更紧密地结合起来，共同应对新的形势。关注社会群体的动态形成和变迁，有助于研究社会组织的本质。拟议的研究是基于与危地马拉学生和Q'eqchi'玛雅工人的密切合作。它提供了一个知识交流和培训的机会。埃贝尔目前正在帮助居住在拉斯波萨斯的Q'eqchi'玛雅工人建立一个生态旅游项目。纳西米恩托遗址位于阿瓜特卡遗址周围的国家公园南部边界，为来自拉斯波萨斯的游客提供了一个潜在的入境点。该遗址目前受到森林砍伐和抢劫的威胁。该项目（Comite de Turismo Las Pozas）旨在实现该地区的可持续发展以及阿瓜特卡国家公园内考古遗址和森林的长期保护。

Under the supervision of Dr. E. Wyllys Andrews V, Markus Eberl will investigate the small Maya site of Nacimiento in the Petexbatun region of Guatemala. Nacimiento was occupied from the seventh into the eighth century A.D., and its inhabitants witnessed a major change of power. A new royal dynasty, led by the ruler B'alaj Chan K'awiil, arrived in the Petexbatun region during the first half of the seventh century A.D. and established the site of Dos Pilas. By about A.D. 700, Dos Pilas emerged as the new regional power. The divine kings of Dos Pilas likely demanded labor and tribute surplus from the local population to build new political centers and to facilitate their extensive military and political campaigns. As newcomers to the region, they also had to establish their power by building alliances and by integrating the local population. This project investigates how this political change affected the inhabitants and the community at Nacimiento: Did the local economy diversify? Did the local elite loose power? And did traditional rituals continue? Nacimiento is with its thirty households, few public structures, and well-defined site boundaries a typical example of a localized community. The community in general is based on a shared identity. Individuals create the shared identity from practices and abstract notions that are reinforced especially when they live together in a localized community by daily interaction and common concerns. Communities are at the same time heterogeneous. Individual members may pursuit various economic activities, may have different wealth, and may occupy diverse sociopolitical roles. Individual differences imply divergent interests, experiences, and knowledge. How, then, is the integration of a community achieved despite of heterogeneity? It is argued that the community constitutes a sociopolitical arena in which individuals negotiate integrative and divisive processes. The project investigates these processes in the economic, sociopolitical, and ritual structures of a localized community. The possible effect of regional political change on these local structures should highlight the dynamic processes that shape the integration and heterogeneity of Nacimiento as a localized community. The external force, in this case a new regional political elite, does not simply determine the internal structure of a community. Community members may take advantage of new opportunities and redefine their position. The community may alternatively integrate itself more tightly to respond collectively to the new situation. The focus on the dynamic formation and transformation of social groups may contribute to the study of the nature of social organization. The proposed research is based on intensive collaboration with Guatemalan students and Q'eqchi' Maya workers. It provides an opportunity for intellectual exchange and training. Eberl is currently helping Q'eqchi' Maya workers who live at Las Pozas to build up an eco-tourism project. The site of Nacimiento, located at the southern boundary of the national park that surrounds the site of Aguateca, provides a potential entry point for tourists coming from Las Pozas. The site is currently threatened by deforestation and looting. The project (Comite de Turismo Las Pozas) aims at the sustainable development of the region and the long-term preservation of the archaeological sites and the forests within the Aguateca national park.