Benchmarking the Research Competitiveness of the U.S. in Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Mechanical Engineering

摘要-0534814美国国家科学院目标国家科学院将进行基准测试，以确定美国研究企业与其在化学、化学工程和机械工程领域的国际同行相比的地位。方法遵循美国研究领域国际基准实验(美国科学院科学、工程和公共政策委员会，2000)中建立的过程，美国化学、化学工程和机械工程研究将由适当的小组进行基准测试，这些小组将同时考虑每个学科地位的定量和定性测量。每个基准练习将涉及以下内容：__美国在该领域的研究相对于其他地区或国家的地位如何？__影响美国在该领域的相对表现的关键因素(即人力资源、设备、基础设施等)？__根据美国和世界范围内的当前趋势，推断美国在短期和长期未来的相对地位。将为这三个学科中的每一个任命大约10人组成的基准小组。每个小组将使用的基准措施可能包括：__“虚拟大会”。专家小组要求国际知名专家确定，如果邀请他们组织各自领域的领先会议，他们会邀请谁。__引文分析。__期刊-出版物分析(美国作者与非美国作者提交的论文)。__定量数据分析，即学位数量、就业等方面的趋势。__国际大会演讲者。每个小组将编写一份简短的报告，详细说明结论及其依据。拟议活动的智力价值在回答这些学科必须如何转变以满足未来需求的问题之前，必须了解这些学科目前的健康状况和国际地位。近年来，没有对美国研究企业在化学、化学工程或机械工程特定领域的质量和健康状况进行比较的活动，如果有的话。拟议活动的广泛影响拟议的活动将通过为相关社区的决策者、资助者和领导人提供高质量的信息和判断，以指导未来的投资和计划，从而加强研究和教育的基础设施。

ABSTRACT - 0534814National Academies of ScienceObjectivesThe National Academies will perform a benchmarking exercise to determine the standing of the U.S. research enterprise relative to its international peers in chemistry, chemical engineering and mechanical engineering.MethodsFollowing the process established in Experiments in International Benchmarking of U.S.Research Fields (The National Academies Committee on Science, Engineering, andPublic Policy, 2000), U.S. chemistry, chemical engineering, and mechanical engineeringresearch will be benchmarked by appropriate panels which will consider both quantitativeand qualitative measures of the status of each discipline. Each benchmarking exercisewill address the following:__What is the position of US research in the field relative to that in other regions or countries?__What are the key factors influencing relative US performance in the field (i.e., human resources, equipment, infrastructure, etc.)?__On the basis of current trends in the United States and worldwide, extrapolate to the US relative position in the near and longer-term future. Benchmarking panels of approximately 10 individuals will be appointed for each of the three disciplines. Benchmarking measures to be used by each panel may include:__The "virtual congress." Panel asks leading experts internationally to identify the "best of the best" who they would invite if asked to put together the leading conference in their subfield.__Citation analysis.__Journal-publication analysis (submissions by US authors versus non-US authors).__Quantitative data analysis, i.e. trends in number of degrees, employment, etc.__Prize analysis.__International congress speakers. A brief report detailing the conclusions and their basis will be produced by each panel.Intellectual Merit of the Proposed Activity Before addressing questions of how these disciplines must shift to meet future needs, it is imperative to understand where the disciplines currently are with respect to their health and international standing. No exercise comparing the quality and health of the US research enterprise in the specific fields of chemistry, chemical engineering, or mechanical engineering has been conducted in recent years, if ever.Broader Impacts of the Proposed Activity The proposed activity will enhance the infrastructure for research and education by providing policy makers, funders, and leaders of the respective communities with quality information and judgments to guide future investments and programs.