Collaborative Research: American National Election Studies (ANES) 2006-2009

为什么美国要在选举日这天投票？美国国家选举研究(ANES)的使命是通过提供数据来解释选举结果，这些数据支持丰富的假设检验，最大限度地优化方法，衡量许多变量，并促进跨人、跨背景、跨时间的比较。ANES服务于这一使命，通过普通公民的眼睛为研究人员提供政治世界的视角。这些数据至关重要，因为这些公民的行为决定了选举结果。这项研究将在接下来的四年里继续ANES的任务，但以前所未有的新的、更好的方式进行。它建立在ANES历史的基础上，使该项目成为几代社会科学家的宝贵资源。与以往历次总统选举一样，ANES时间序列将对全国有代表性的成年人样本进行面对面访谈，进行总统年选举前和选举后的研究，回复率异常高。这项研究将包括与2008年选举有关的问题，以及补充ANES时间序列的问题，该时间序列目前已进入第六个十年。此外，学者们将第一次能够购买关于时间序列研究的访谈纪要和额外的案例，以扩大其广度。在许多其他方面，这项提议构成了与过去的实质性决裂，概述了新的数据收集类型、选择问卷项目的新方法、新的管理结构、促进更广泛学者参与的新组织程序以及ANES与其用户社区之间的一种根本不同的关系。一项新的数据收集工作将是一项为期两年的小组研究，涉及对相同受访者的六次核心数据收集，以及15次额外的数据收集。第一个核心浪潮将在2007年底，也就是初选之前；接下来的三个核心浪潮将在选举日之前的几个月内扩散；最后的核心浪潮将在选举后的11月和5月。在调查小组的整个生命周期中，数据也将每隔一个月收集一次，但重点放在不明显具有政治性的问题上，以最大限度地减少小组的选择性磨损或因对政治的兴趣而造成的状况，同时产生大量关于受访者的有价值的信息。该小组将允许学者以新的方式研究公民政治，并将阐明选举年政治如何影响新政府在任期形成期间的判断。第二个新的数据收集企业涉及与俄亥俄州立大学人力资源研究中心的合作。他们进行了全国青年纵向调查，几十年来一直在采访一个由成年人和他们的孩子组成的全国代表性小组，调查问卷长得令人惊叹，而且种类繁多。衡量政治态度和行为的问题将首次包括在这些调查中，允许研究生命周期和跨代人的发展和社交经历。为了帮助学者开发和验证用于上述调查的新测量工具，ANANES试点研究将于2006年11月进行，重新采访2004年ANE的受访者。该数据收集计划的组成部分相互加强。单独而言，每一个组成部分都将允许广泛的学者评估新旧理论主张的稳健性。此外，每一项努力都将旨在促进与所有其他数据收集的协调分析。所有这些研究的具体设计将由一系列学者决定，他们的智力比以往任何时候都更加多样化。与之前的任何一届相比，新的私人投资促进机构和监督委员会来自更多的大学和更广泛的学科。这项研究项目包括一种新的基于互联网的程序，用于征求、处理、审查和提供对任何希望提供研究设计元素的人的建议的反馈。所有这一切都将以前所未有的透明度向用户社区完成。由于这些活动将产生大量数据，已经设计了详细的计划，概述了现有经验丰富的技术人员将如何执行研究设计、数据收集和数据传播过程的管理。除了协调问卷设计和实地考察过程外，工作人员还将通过添加新收集的数据来维护和更新研究的庞大和多方面的网站，并极大地增强研究的电子档案，这些信息可以追溯到20世纪40年代。广泛的影响：通过生成高质量的大型、多方面的数据集，ANES将使研究人员能够学习关于政治世界的新的重要教训。这些数据将被广泛和快速地分发，以服务于数千名学者，并用于世界各地的课堂，以丰富研究和教育。美国人想了解它的民主是如何运作的。ANES将帮助全国了解自己，探索投票行为和选举结果的原因和后果。有了这些知识，政府将更好地准备好培育和完善其政府体系。

Why did America vote as it did on Election Day? The mission of the American National ElectionStudies (ANES) is to inform explanations of election outcomes by providing data that support richhypothesis testing, maximize methodological excellence, measure many variables, and promotecomparisons across people, contexts, and time. The ANES serves this mission by providing researchers with a view of the political world through the eyes of ordinary citizens. Such data are critical, because these citizens' actions determine election outcomes. This research continues the ANES mission for the next four years, but in new and better waysthan ever before. It builds on an ANES history that has made the project a valuable resource togenerations of social scientists. As has been true for every past presidential election in the ANES timeseries, a presidential year pre- and post-election study will be conducted using face-to-face interviewing of a nationally representative sample of adults, with an unusually high response rate. This study will include questions specific to the election of 2008 and also questions that augment the ANES time series, which is now in its sixth decade. For the first time, moreover, scholars will be able to purchase interview minutes and additional cases on the time series study to enhance its breadth.In many other respects, this proposal constitutes a substantial break from the past, outlining new kinds of data collection, new methods for choosing questionnaire items, a new management structure, new organizational procedures to promote the involvement of a broader set of scholars, and a fundamentally different kind of relationship between the ANES and its user community.One new data collection effort will be a two-year panel study involving six core waves of datacollection with the same respondents, plus 15 additional waves of data collection. The first core wave will be in late 2007, before the primaries; the next three core waves will be spread over the months running up to election day; and the final core waves will be in November and May after the election. Data will also be collected during every other month throughout the life of the panel, but with a focus on matters that are not explicitly political, to minimize selective panel attrition or conditioning driven by interest in politics while producing lots of valuable information on respondents. The panel will allow scholars to study citizen politics in new ways and will illuminate how election year politics affect judgments of the new administration in the formative months of its term.A second new data collection enterprise involves a partnership with the Ohio State University Centerfor Human Resource Research. They conduct the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth, which has been interviewing a nationally representative panel of adults and their children for decades with breathtakingly long and varied questionnaires. Questions measuring political attitudes and behaviors will be included in these surveys for the first time, allowing the study of developmental and socialization experiences through the life-cycle and across generations.To help scholars develop and validate new measurement tools for use in the above-listed surveys, anANES pilot study will be run in November, 2006, reinterviewing respondents from the 2004 ANES.The components of this data collection plan each strengthen the others. Alone, each component willallow a broad range of scholars to evaluate the robustness of old and new theoretical claims. In addition, each endeavor will be designed to facilitate coordinated analysis with all the other data collections. The specifics of the designs of all these studies will be determined by an array of scholars more intellectually diverse than ever before. Its new PIs and Board of Overseers hail from more universities and a broader range of disciplines than any of its predecessors. This research project includes a new Internet-based procedure for soliciting, processing, reviewing, and providing feedback on proposals for study design elements from anyone who wishes to offer them. All this will be done with an unprecedented transparency to the user community. Because these activities will generate a huge amount of data, detailed plans have been designed outlining how the management of the study design, data collection, and data dissemination processes will be carried out by the experienced technical staff that is already in place. In addition to coordinating the questionnaire design and fieldwork processes, the staff will maintain and update the study's huge and multifaceted website by adding the newly collected data and also dramatically enhancing the study's electronic archives of previously-collected information dating back from the 1940s.Broader Impacts: By generating large, multifaceted datasets of high quality, the ANES will equip researchers to learn new and important lessons about the world of politics. These data will be distributed widely and quickly to serve thousands of scholars and to be used in classrooms around the world to enrich research and education. Americans want to understand how its democracy works. The ANES will help to inform the nation about itself, exploring the causes and consequences of voting behavior and electoral outcomes. With such knowledge, the polity will be better equipped to nurture and refine its system of government.