Collaborative Research: Studies of Solar wind - Magnetosphere Interactions using Ground-based Induction Magnetometers at Manned Stations as Part of an Extensive Ground Array

拟议的项目是一项合作努力的继续，目的是操作和分析位于北美部分高纬度地点的四个搜索线圈磁力计的数据，其中两个在南极（南极和麦克默多），两个在北极（格陵兰的Sondrestromfjord和加拿大努纳武特的伊卡卢伊特）。南极和伊卡卢伊特在近尖点纬度提供了接近的磁共轭，而伊卡卢伊特和南斯特龙峡湾在类似的北方纬度提供了数据，但当地时间间隔为1.5小时。在白天，这些位置提供了一个窗口，磁层边界和磁鞘与磁层的相互作用，在夜间，它们提供了一个越来越受赞赏的高纬度亚暴活动的发展前景。 该项目是美国空间气象研究工作的一个重要组成部分，并与加拿大和英国的补充性工作相结合，自空间时代开始以来，为探索和了解地球空间环境作出了越来越复杂的努力。科学家们现在对电离层和它上面的区域磁层的结构有了很大的了解，但是在我们完全理解从快速变化的太阳风（由太阳表面附近的静止和爆炸过程驱动）向地球磁层、电离层和高层大气转移能量和动量的动态过程之前，还有很多工作要做。人们日益认识到，这样做需要协调使用多个数据集，其中既包括各种单独的航天器，也包括位于战略位置的地面观测站。由于地球磁场中最远到达太空的部分在高纬度与地面相交，地面磁力计阵列长期以来一直是监测磁层偏远部分过程的重要手段。在该项目的三年中，科学工作将侧重于研究几类波，包括在尖点极向观测到的所谓“地幔波”;研究脉动的传播和准周期发射的产生，以及研究短周期和长周期不规则超低频波，特别是在磁暴期间。与获得这些数据集相关的分析和数据处理工作非常适合本科生和研究生的研究参与，并建立在教师和本科生研究的强大计划之上。

The proposed project is the continuation of a cooperative effort to operate and analyze data from four search coil magnetometers located at high latitude sites in the North American sector, two in Antarctica (South Pole and McMurdo) and two in the Arctic (Sondrestromfjord, Greenland, and Iqaluit, Nunavut, Canada). South Pole and Iqaluit provide close magnetic conjugacy at near-cusp latitudes, while Iqaluit and Sondrestromfjord provide data at similar northern latitudes but with a local time separation of 1.5 hours. During daytime hours these locations provide a window to the magnetospheric boundary and the interactions of the magnetosheath with the magnetosphere, and during nighttime hours they provide an increasingly appreciated high-latitude perspective on the development of substorm activity. This project is a significant component of the U.S. space weather research effort, and is integrated with complementary Canadian and British efforts.Since the beginning of the space age increasingly sophisticated efforts have been made to explore and understand Earth's space environment. Scientists now understand much about the configuration of the ionosphere and the region above it, the magnetosphere, but much remains to be done before we fully understand the dynamical processes involved in transferring energy and momentum from the rapidly changing solar wind (driven by both quiescent and explosive processes near the surface of the Sun) into Earth's magnetosphere, ionosphere, and upper atmosphere. It is increasingly understood that doing so requires the coordinated use of multiple data sets, including both a variety of individual spacecraft and strategically located ground observatories. Because those parts of Earth's field that reach farthest out into space intersect the ground at high latitudes, arrays of ground magnetometers have long been a valued means of monitoring processes in remote parts of the magnetosphere. In the three years of this project, scientific efforts will focus on studies of several classes of waves, including so-called "mantle waves" observed poleward of the cusp; on the propagation of pulsations and the generation of quasiperiodic emissions, and studies of both short-period and long-period irregular ultra low-frequency (ULF) waves, especially during magnetic storm periods. Analysis and data processing efforts associated with obtaining these data sets are highly suitable for undergraduate as well as graduate research participation, and build on strong programs of faculty and undergraduate student research.