Collaborative Research: The Processing and Radiative Properties of Aerosols over the Western North Atlantic Ocean at Bermuda

该项目的主要目标是：1)描述北大西洋西部近地表气溶胶（包括元素碳和有机碳（EC/OC））的化学、物理和光学特性的主要控制过程；2)量化气溶胶浓度和通量的长期趋势，并评估其对气候强迫的影响；3)为(a)模拟界提供数据并与之合作，以发展气溶胶直接气候强迫的可靠预测能力；(b)遥感界合作，以提高用于检索大气和海洋信息的算法的准确性。超和亚微米直径的气溶胶将在百慕大每天采样，并分析EC/OC，光谱分解吸收，主要有机和无机离子，以及矿物气溶胶质量。将连续测量气溶胶光散射，量化主要离子的湿沉降通量和EC/OC。与美国国家航空航天局合作，将持续测量气溶胶后向散射、消光和云层高度的剖面。三维反轨迹将被计算并聚类到特征输运区。这些数据将被整合到气候学的气溶胶化学、物理和光学特性中，作为运输制度的函数，并将评估长期趋势。将结合卫星获得的湿度和气溶胶光学深度场以及红外云场对具有代表性的主要制度的个别情况进行解释。这项工作将加强预测气溶胶成分变化对辐射转移的影响，进而对气象和气候的影响。更广泛的影响还包括培养大气化学和物理方面的本科生和研究生。

The primary objectives of this project are: 1) To characterize major processes controlling the chemical, physical, and optical properties of near-surface aerosols, including elemental and organic carbon (EC/OC), over the western North Atlantic Ocean; 2) To quantify long-term trends in aerosol concentrations and fluxes and assess their influences on climate forcing; and 3) To provide data for and to collaborate with (a) the modeling community to develop reliable predictive capabilities for direct climate forcing by aerosols and (b) the remote sensing community to improve the accuracy of algorithms used to retrieve atmospheric and oceanic information. Super- and sub-micron diameter aerosols will be sampled daily at Bermuda and analyzed for EC/OC, spectrally resolved absorption, major organic and inorganic ions, and mineral aerosol mass. Aerosol light scattering will be measured continuously, and wet-deposition fluxes of major ions and EC/OC will be quantified. In collaboration with NASA, profiles of aerosol backscatter, extinction, and cloud height will be measured continuously. Three-dimensional back trajectories will be calculated and clustered into characteristic transport regimes. Data will be integrated into climatologies of aerosol chemical, physical, and optical properties as a function of transport regime, and long-term trends will be evaluated. Individual cases representative of major regimes will be interpreted in conjunction with satellite-derived humidity and aerosol optical depth fields and infrared (IR) cloud fields.This effort will enhance efforts to predict the influence of changing aerosol composition on radiative transfer and, in turn, on meteorology and climate. Broader impacts also include training of undergraduate and graduate students in atmospheric chemistry and physics.