The New Global Order of Poverty Management

全球正在努力减轻贫困。 从联合国千年发展目标到世界银行努力将自己重新塑造为一个“更金德和更温和”的机构，再到“让贫穷成为历史”等各种运动，一个全球性的扶贫政策制度正在形成。 该项目将研究全球贫困议程，重点是三个研究问题：1）什么是扶贫的主导思想？ 这些形式的专业知识如何复制或改变全球权力地理？ 2)新的发展模式是否与以往的发展模式决裂？ 扶贫框架如何处理市场、资本主义和财富积累？ 3)新的全球贫困管理秩序如何维持或重新配置地缘政治，特别是主要设在美国的发展机构与发展中国家之间的关系？该项目采用个案研究方法，重点是微额信贷部门，这是目前在全世界流行的最受欢迎的减缓贫穷和赋予妇女权力政策之一。 为了调查这一全球部门，该项目采用了“全球政策链分析”，即分析华盛顿发展机构产生的知识和做法如何通过援助交易在全球范围内得到权威和传播。 该项目将这些流通和交易建立在三个主要的地理位置上：华盛顿特区，作为发展资本和权力的中心;孟加拉国，小额信贷的想法起源于孟加拉国，孟加拉国现在是大规模非政府组织的所在地，这些组织对华盛顿特区提出的想法提出质疑;以及埃及和黎巴嫩等具有战略意义的中东国家，在9-11事件后，美国正在这些国家投入大量发展资源，以确保该地区的穷人融入全球经济。 通过访谈、小组研究、非参与观察、档案研究、机构历史和政策分析，该项目将展示全球贫困议程是如何制定和争议的。 在这样做时，它将通过“发展资本”这一独特的透镜-通过世界银行、非政府组织、基金会、游说团体、咨询公司、公司慈善事业等国际发展机构的积累循环-研究全球化，该项目将产生与关于全球贫穷议程的公共辩论有关的更广泛影响。 在呼吁结束贫困的今天，该项目分析了扶贫理念之争，指出了不同扶贫模式的优势和局限性。 此外，虽然该项目是对权力地理的研究，但它也揭示了存在于发展机制中的可谈判空间。 这些问题对于全球倡导团体、决策者和设立机构的基金会等注重实践的团体具有紧迫的重要性。 这些问题对于全球化和发展的教学、培养新一代的全球公民以及激励他们与强大的机构接触也具有重要意义。

A great global effort is underway to alleviate poverty. From the Millennium Development Goals of the United Nations to the World Bank's efforts to recreate itself as a "kinder and gentler" institution to various campaigns such as Make Poverty History, a global regime of poverty policies is taking shape. This project will study the global poverty agenda with an emphasis on three research questions: 1) What and why are the dominant ideas of poverty alleviation? How do these forms of expertise reproduce or alter global geographies of power? 2) Does the new paradigm of development constitute a break with previous models of development? How does the framework of poverty alleviation deal with markets, capitalism, and wealth accumulation? 3) How does the new global order of poverty management maintain or reconfigure geopolitics, notably the relationship between development institutions, which are mainly based in America, and developing countries? The project uses a case-study methodology, focusing on the microcredit sector, one of the most popular poverty alleviation and gender empowerment policies now in vogue across the world. In order to investigate this global sector, the project uses "global policy chain analysis," i.e. an analysis of how knowledge and practices produced in the development institutions of Washington D.C. are rendered authoritative and disseminated globally through transactions of aid. The project grounds these circulations and transactions in three primary geographical sites: Washington D.C. as a node of development capital and power; Bangladesh, from where the microcredit idea originated and which is now home to massive non-governmental organizations (NGOs) that challenge the ideas produced in Washington D.C.; and strategic Middle East countries like Egypt and Lebanon where, after 9-11, the US is expending considerable development resources in order to ensure integration of the region's poor into the global economy. Using interviews, panel study, non-participant observation, archival research, institutional histories and policy analysis, the project will demonstrate how the global poverty agenda is established as well as contested. In doing so, it will study globalization through the unique lens of "development capital" the circuits of accumulation that run through international development institutions such as the World Bank, NGOs, foundations, lobbying groups, consulting firms, corporate philanthropy.The project will have broader impacts that relate to the public debate about the global poverty agenda. At a time when there are calls for an end to poverty, the project analyzes the battle of ideas over poverty-alleviation and indicates the strengths and limitations of different models of poverty-alleviation. In addition, while the project is a study of geographies of power, it also brings to light the spaces of negotiability that exist within the apparatus of development. Such issues are of urgent importance to practice-oriented communities such as global advocacy groups, policymakers, and agenda-setting foundations. Such issues are also of significance in the teaching of globalization and development, in training a new generation of global citizens, and in inspiring them to engage with powerful institutions.