Experimental Particle Physics with Electronic Detectors

宾夕法尼亚州立大学粒子物理小组的重点是三个方面：在DESY的HERA完成和分析宙斯实验；在欧洲核子研究中心的大型强子对撞机上开展图腾实验的开发工作；以及与欧洲核子研究中心的爱丽丝实验合作参与宇宙线的Muon研究。DESY的Zeus实验是一项研究电子/正电子-质子深度非弹性散射(DIS)的实验，质心能量为318GeV，以研究物质的组成结构。它的主要目的是研究DIS在最高的交换光子虚度，探测电子和夸克的亚结构，直到10-18厘米的距离，并寻找新的激发轻子和夸克家族，在0.1-1TeV的质量范围内，指示超出标准模型的物理。在接下来的三年授权期内，HERA将提供高光度和轻子束偏振。到2007年年中，HERA-II计划将停止运行，PSU小组将过渡到大型强子对撞机的图腾实验。对于图腾，该小组将在读出和触发生成方面进行研发。图腾将研究高能质子-质子碰撞中非常前沿的粒子产生。第三个(宇宙线)项目的目标是研究高多重数的Muon束，这可能意味着初级宇宙线相互作用中的高能效应，而目前模拟超高能宇宙线的蒙特卡罗程序没有包括这些效应。该项目通过宾夕法尼亚州立大学和宾夕法尼亚太空赠款联盟协调，产生了更广泛的影响，包括每年为教育工作者举办一系列针对中学教师的暑期科学研讨会。

The focus of the Penn State University particle physics group is three fold: completion and analysis activities of the ZEUS experiment at HERA at DESY; developmental work for the TOTEM experiment at the LHC at CERN; and participation in a Cosmic Ray muon study in collaboration with the ALICE experiment at CERN. The ZEUS experiment at DESY is a study of electron/positron-proton deep inelastic scattering (DIS) at a center-of-mass energy of 318 GeV to investigate the constituent structure of matter. Its primary aims are to study DIS at the highest exchanged photon virtualities, to probe electron and quark substructure down to distances of 10-18 cm, and to search for new families of excited leptons and quarks, in the 0.1-1 TeV mass range, indicative of physics beyond the Standard Model. During this next three-year grant period, HERA will provide high luminosity and lepton beam polarization. By mid 2007, the HERA-II program will cease operations, and the PSU group will transition to the TOTEM experiment at the LHC. For TOTEM, the group will conduct R&D on readout and trigger generation. TOTEM will investigate very forward particle production in high-energy proton-proton collisions. The goal of third (cosmic ray) project is to study high multiplicity muon bundles which might signify high-energy effects in primary cosmic ray interactions that are not included in current Monte Carlo programs that are simulating ultra high-energy cosmic rays. Broader impacts of the program, coordinated through Penn State University and the Pennsylvania Space Grant Consortium, include an annual series of summer Science Workshops for Educators, aimed at secondary school teachers.