Workshop on the Scientific Basis of Individual and Team Innovation and Discovery

科学家和工程师如何发现和创新？创造过程经常被描绘成一个笼罩在神秘之中的过程，科学和工程领域也不例外。例如，想象一下这样一种刻板印象：一位古怪的教授专注地盯着一块装满方程式的黑板，然后突然看到了隐藏了几个月甚至几年的答案。或者想象一下，一群工程师出去吃午饭，从他们陷入的僵局中休息一下，在随意的交谈中，他们发现了一个解决问题的新方法，一个优雅地绕过僵局的方法。这些场景描绘了发现和创新的诞生，通过培育和坚持不懈，这些发现和创新可以对科学和工程领域乃至整个世界产生长期影响。美国国家科学基金会正在赞助一个与科学和工程有关的以创造过程为中心的研讨会。研讨会将聚集认知科学家、社会心理学家和工程师，分享他们的研究成果，努力确定有助于发现和创新的一些因素。通过这样做，讲习班将有助于开启跨学科对话，目的是产生有用的知识，以进行推动科学和工程前沿的投资。

How do scientists and engineers discover and innovate? The creative process is often portrayed as one shrouded in mystery, and the domains of science and engineering are no exception. Imagine the stereotype of the eccentric professor, for instance, staring intently at a blackboard full of equations, who then suddenly sees the answer that had been hidden for months or even years. Or imagine a team of engineers going out for lunch to take a break from an impasse they have hit, and in the middle of casual conversation they come upon a novel approach to the problem, one that elegantly gets around the impasse. These scenarios depict the births of discoveries and innovations that, with nurturing and perseverance, can grow to have long-lasting impacts on the fields of science and engineering, and the world at large.The National Science Foundation is sponsoring a workshop centered around the creative process as it pertains to science and engineering. The workshop will bring together cognitive scientists, social psychologists, and engineers to share their research in an effort to identify some of the factors that contribute to discoveries and innovations. In doing so, the workshop will help to open up a cross-disciplinary dialog with the goal of producing useful knowledge for making investments that advance the frontiers of science and engineering.