IPY: Pan-Arctic Studies of the Coupled Tropospheric, Stratospheric and Mesospheric Circulation

这项提议提出了一个三年计划，在即将到来的国际海洋年期间研究北极大气的循环。具体地说，这是一项将卫星测量、激光雷达测量、气象探测和分析相结合的观测研究，以研究对流层、平流层和中间层。这项研究是加拿大、德国、日本和美国六个机构的研究人员之间的国际合作。卫星观测提供了中间层和平流层上层的全球天气尺度温度测量，而气象探测和分析则提供了对流层和平流层下层的全球天气尺度测量。位于挪威安多亚(北纬69度，东经16度)、阿拉斯加查塔尼卡(北纬65度，西经147度)、尤里卡、努纳武特(北纬80度，86瓦)和格陵兰康加卢斯苏阿克(北纬67度，西经51度)的观测站的四个瑞利激光雷达组成的国际网络将提供从北极东部到北极西部的一系列高分辨率温度测量。激光雷达将对北极平流层涡旋、阿留申反气旋、平流层冲浪带、行星波、潮汐和重力波的结构和环流进行高分辨率测量，并得到天气尺度卫星和气象观测的证实。拟议的活动将对北极大气环流进行全面分析，直接涉及以下具体研究：极地涡旋和反气旋的结构、演变和可变性、波和大尺度环流之间的耦合和反馈、中低层大气之间的联系、大气遥相关和可变性模式。这项研究将提供数据和分析，以支持对臭氧消耗、平流层气候、北极气候振荡以及北极长期水平和垂直输送的研究。拟议的活动将支持对理工科学生的教育和培训。该活动将共同借鉴和促进北极研究基础设施，加强国际合作，促进观察员、模型师和理论家之间的合作。研究成果将被整合到阿拉斯加大学和科罗拉多大学的IPY教育和推广计划中，并通过各种专业、教育和推广计划进行传播。

This proposal sets forth a three-year plan to study the circulation of the Arctic atmosphere during the upcoming IPY. Specifically, this is an observational study that combines satellite measurements, lidar measurements, and meteorological soundings and analyses to study the troposphere, stratosphere, and mesosphere. The study is an international collaboration between investigators at six institutions in Canada, Germany, Japan and the United States. The satellite observations yield global synoptic-scale temperature measurements of the mesosphere and upper stratosphere while the meteorological soundings and analyses provide global synoptic-scale measurements of the troposphere and lower stratosphere. An international network of four Rayleigh lidars located in observatories at Andoya, Norway (69N, 16E), Chatanika, Alaska (65N, 147W), Eureka, Nunavut (80N, 86W), and Kangarlussuaq, Greenland (67N, 51W), will provide a chain of high-resolution temperature measurements from the eastern Arctic to the western Arctic. The lidars will yield high-resolution measurements of the structure and circulation of the Arctic stratospheric vortex, the Aleutian anticyclone, the stratospheric surf-zone, planetary waves, tides, and gravity waves that are corroborated by the synoptic-scale satellite and meteorological observations. The proposed activity will provide a comprehensive analysis of the circulation of the Arctic atmosphere that will directly address the following specific studies; the structure, evolution, and variability of polar vortices and anticyclones, coupling and feedbacks between waves and large-scale circulation, links between the middle and lower atmosphere, atmospheric teleconnections, and modes of variability. This study will provide data and analyses in support of studies of ozone depletion, stratospheric climate, climate oscillations in the Arctic, and long-range horizontal and vertical transport in the Arctic. The proposed activity will support education and training of students in science and engineering. The activity will jointly draw on and contribute to research infrastructure in the Arctic, enhance international collaborations, and promote collaboration among observers, modelers and theorists. The research results will be integrated into the University of Alaska and University of Colorado IPY Education and Outreach programs and disseminated through a variety of professional, educational, and outreach programs.