Understanding Ozone and Its Precursors in China and Regional Pollution Outflow: Field Measurements and Integrated Modeling Analysis

在中国、美国和其他国际同事的合作下，PIs将在2007年8月北京CAREBEIJING实验期间进行一氧化氮（NO）、活性氮（NOy）、过氧乙酰硝酸盐（PAN）及其类似物和五氧化二氮（N2O5）的测量。该项目和其他现场项目的现场测量结果将使用三维化学传输模型进行分析。卫星测量包括对流层臭氧、氧化氮（NO2）、甲醛（HCHO）和一氧化碳（CO）将被整合到这些分析中。研究的目的是：(1)表征污染地区的光化学特征；(2)完善臭氧前体排放清单；(3)了解污染的区域输送和季节变化；(4)评价区域污染物流出量及潜在污染控制策略的影响。这项研究的更广泛的科学影响源于中国经济的快速增长，这导致了污染物排放的大幅增加。先前的分析清楚地表明，污染的运输对美国和其他地方的空气质量产生了不利影响。通过对关键活性氮物种的测量以及与中国科学家的合作，将提高对空气污染的认识以及各种空气污染控制措施的影响。此外，研究生将通过该项目接受数据分析和建模方面的教育和培训。计划建立一个包含一般信息和研究信息的广泛网站。一位来自美国的高中教师也将前往CAREBEIJING网站，了解科学问题和环境政策，并将这些知识带回美国的课堂。

In collaboration with Chinese, U.S., and other international colleagues, measurements of nitric oxide (NO), reactive nitrogen (NOy), peroxyacetyl nitrate (PAN) and its analogues, and dinitrogen pentoxide (N2O5) will be conducted by the PIs during the CAREBEIJING experiment in Beijing in August 2007. The in situ measurements from this and other field programs will be analyzed using 3-D chemical transport models. Satellite measurements including tropospheric ozone, nitrogen (IV) oxide (NO2), formaldehyde (HCHO), and carbon monoxide (CO) will be integrated in these analyses. The objectives of the research are to: (1) characterize photochemistry in polluted regions; (2) improve emission inventories of ozone precursors; (3) understand regional transport of pollution and seasonal variations; and (4) assess regional pollutant outflow and impacts of potential pollution control strategies. The broader scientific impacts of this research stem from the rapid economic growth in China, which has led to large increases in pollutant emissions. Previous analyses have clearly shown that transport of pollution adversely impacts air quality in the United States and elsewhere. Through measurements of critical reactive nitrogen species and collaborations with scientists in China, an improved understanding of air pollution and the impacts of various air pollution control measures will result. In addition, graduate students will receive education and training in data analysis and modeling through this project. An extensive web site with general and research information is planned. One high-school teacher from the U.S. will also travel to the CAREBEIJING site to learn about the scientific issues and environmental policies, and bring this knowledge back to classrooms in the United States.