Doctoral Dissertation Improvement Grant: The Protohistoric Tewa World: Coalescence and Identity in the Northern Rio Grande Region, New Mexico

在芭芭拉米尔斯博士的监督下，塞缪尔·杜韦将研究群体身份在人口融合过程中在祖先普韦布洛社区中产生和转变的方式，或者区域人口在更大但更少的地点成核的过程。更具体地说，本研究将集中在古典时期（公元1325-1600年）的特瓦村庄的北方新墨西哥州。在大约250年的时间里，40个大村庄经历了人口合并。到公元1598年西班牙殖民时，只有六个特瓦村庄仍然被占领。虽然这种住宅结构调整的原因一直是世纪研究的焦点，但很少有研究探讨对搬迁者本身的社会影响。研究群体身份，或者个体和集体区别于其他个体和集体的方式，可以更清楚地了解史前人类社交网络是如何组织的。使用群体身份作为社会变迁的代理，本研究试图了解特瓦村民如何适应他们的社会制度在一段时期的戏剧性动荡，以及如何合并有助于形成的历史特瓦身份遇到的西班牙殖民者和盎格鲁探险家和人类学家。 这项研究将测量在三个方面的合并过程中的祖先特瓦族群体身份的变化：在哪里，当人们穿过景观，陶瓷交换关系内外的区域，并在制定和使用仪式空间的变化。主要集中在11个大型普韦布洛，杜韦将地图网站，表面收集文物，分析陶器从表面收集和博物馆收藏，并进行化学成分分析。 这项研究的学术价值有三个方面：区域性、考古学和人类学。该项目将为北方格兰德河和大西南地区的考古学做出重大的区域贡献。这项研究将提供居住和仪式特征的时间和空间数据，以及第一次对特瓦普韦布洛的粘土和陶瓷进行大规模化学分析。在这项研究中使用的方法将是重要的其他考古学家工作在大西南地区和世界各地的史前社会谁研究类似的过程中的人口聚结和住宅重组。在这项研究中使用的模型将进一步考古话语使用的理论程序，如身份和合并，提出了一个越来越复杂和细致入微的理解人类行为。从更广泛的意义上讲，拟议的研究将对渗透在现代人类学研究中的伦理和政治方面，特别是当今人民与过去定居点的文化联系，有实际的应用。由于该项目跟踪历史和现代特瓦普韦布洛社会特征的形成，因此该项目收集的数据将提供关于土著群体的信息，这些信息可能有助于通过超越传统上界定的考古文化地区与当代人口建立联系。这些信息将通过现场图尔斯参观和与当地普韦布洛社区的会谈以及详细的报告传播。这些信息将有助于确定文化归属和过去的景观使用。

Samuel Duwe, under the supervision of Dr. Barbara Mills, will examine the ways in which group identity was created and transformed among ancestral Pueblo communities during population coalescence, or the process of regional populations nucleating at larger but fewer sites. More specifically, this research will focus on the Classic Period (A.D. 1325-1600) Tewa villages of northern New Mexico. Over an approximately 250-year period forty large villages underwent population coalescence. By the time of Spanish colonization in A.D. 1598, only six Tewa villages remained occupied. Although the causes of this residential restructuring have been the focus of a century of research, few studies have examined the social effects on the movers themselves. Investigating group identity, or the ways in which individuals and collectives are distinguished from other individuals and collectives, allows for a clearer understanding of how human social networks were organized in prehistory. Using group identity as a proxy for social change, this research attempts to understand how Tewa villagers adapted their social systems during a period of dramatic upheaval, and how coalescence contributed to the formation of the historic Tewa identity encountered by the Spanish colonists and Anglo explorers and anthropologists. This research will measure changes in ancestral Tewa group identity during coalescence in three dimensions: where and when people were moving across the landscape, ceramic exchange relationships within and outside the region, and changes in the elaboration and use of ritual spaces. Focusing primarily on 11 large pueblos, Duwe will map sites, surface collect artifacts, analyze pottery from surface collected and museum collections, and conduct chemical compositional analyses. The intellectual merit of this proposed research is three fold: regional, archaeological, and anthropological. This project will make substantial regional contributions to the archaeology of the Northern Rio Grande and the Greater Southwest. The research will provide chronological and spatial data for both residential and ritual features, as well as the first large-scale chemical analyses of clay and ceramics for the Tewa pueblos. The methodologies used in this research will be important for other archaeologists working in the Greater Southwest and in prehistoric societies worldwide who study similar processes of population coalescence and residential reorganization. The model used in this study will further archaeological discourse in using theoretical programs such as identity and coalescence by presenting an increasingly complex and nuanced understanding of human behavior. In broader terms, the proposed research will have practical applications to the ethical and political aspects that permeate modern anthropological research, especially the cultural affiliation of present-day peoples to past settlements. Because this project tracks the formation of historic and modern Tewa Pueblo social identity, the data collected in this project will provide information on indigenous groups that may support links to contemporary populations by looking beyond traditionally defined archaeological culture areas. This information will be disseminated in site tours and talks with local Pueblo communities, as well as detailed reports. Such information will be useful in determining cultural affiliation and past landscape use.