VOCALS: Airborne Measurements of Aerosol Dynamics and Evolution

在VAOS(VAMOS海洋-云-大气-陆地研究)实验期间，将在NSF/NCAR C-130飞机上部署一套仪器来测量各种气溶胶特性：数量、挥发性、直径从10 nm到10微米的尺寸分布、尺寸分辨气溶胶成分、混合状态以及在低湿度和环境湿度下的光学特性。这些数据将用于确定气溶胶粒子的来源(来自海面、自由对流层或原地形成)，它们作为云凝结核(CCN)的适宜性，控制开放气室(POCs)和发声区的粒子和CCN浓度的机制，以及它们的相关光学性质。这些测量将有助于回答总体声乐计划中提出的几个假设，包括气溶胶特性在云和毛毛雨形成、清除、POC形成中的作用以及气溶胶来源和云特性之间的关系。在声乐期间，将与其他气溶胶科学家在C-130和其他平台上建立密切合作，以及与云物理学家、气象学家和遥感专家建立密切合作。这些数据应该有助于更好地理解控制气溶胶对辐射平衡和气候影响的过程，这些区域有广泛的层积云覆盖。这将使模型者能够更好地将这些过程参数化，也将有助于理解智利沿海大量人为二氧化硫和气溶胶来源的影响。这一结果有可能应用于CCN演变和气溶胶对云性质的间接影响的研究。一名研究生将参与实验和数据分析。

During the VOCALS (VAMOS Ocean-Cloud-Atmosphere-Land Study) experiment, a suite of instruments will be deployed on the NSF/NCAR C-130 aircraft to measure a wide variety of aerosol properties: number, volatility, size distributions from 10 nm to 10 um in diameter, size-resolved aerosol composition, mixing state, and optical properties at low and ambient humidities. The data will be used to determine the origin of aerosol particles (from the sea surface, the free troposphere, or formed in situ), their suitability as cloud condensation nuclei (CCN), the mechanisms that control particle and CCN concentrations in pockets of open cells (POCs) and the VOCALS region, and their related optical properties. These measurements will help answer several of the hypotheses proposed in the overall VOCALS plan, including the role of aerosol properties in cloud and drizzle formation, scavenging, POC formation and the relationship between aerosol sources and cloud properties. Close collaborations will be established with other aerosol scientists on the C-130 and other platforms during VOCALS, as well as with cloud physicists, meteorologists and remote sensing specialists.The data should lead to improved understanding of the processes controlling aerosol effects on the radiative balance and climate in regions with extensive stratocumulus cloud cover. This will enable modelers to better parameterize those processes and will also help in understanding the impacts of large anthropogenic sulfur dioxide (SO2) and aerosol sources along the coast of Chile. The results could potentially be applied to the study of CCN evolution and the aerosol indirect effects on cloud properties. One graduate student will be involved in the experiment and data analysis.