Upgrade to the continuous GPS network on Sierra Negra volcano, Galapagos

该项目的主要目标是在加拉帕戈斯岛伊萨贝拉岛的塞拉·内格拉火山现有的8个连续全球定位系统网络的基础上再增加两个连续全球定位系统站。该网络最初安装于2002年6月，成功地捕捉到了2005年10月内格拉山脉喷发之前和期间的异常形变。火山喷发之前有多个陷门断层？火山口底部发生的事件，以及加速的通货膨胀，在30个月内上升了2.2米(活板门断层？是弯曲的断层，将隆起的地块与一侧的铰链带结合在一起，就像活板门一样)。更多的活动门断层、堤坝入侵和火山口超过5米的下沉与喷发本身有关。另外两个CGPS站将使调查人员能够填补形变监测中的一个关键空白，将消除在断层系统中不连续的卫星雷达干涉测量(InSAR)场景的模糊性，并将有助于更好地检测和模拟火山正在进行的形变。这项工作是及时的，因为内格拉山脉在2005年10月喷发一结束就开始重新膨胀，火山口中心已经抬高了2米以上。按照这种通货膨胀速度，在接下来的几年里可能会有更多的活动门断层事件或喷发。该项目将确保研究人员尽可能多地从这座非常活跃的火山未来的事件中学到更多东西，这座火山是地球上研究岩浆在空间和时间上浅层侵入的最佳地点之一。

The main objective of this project is to add two additional continuous Global Positioning System (CGPS) stations to the existing 8-station CGPS network at Sierra Negra volcano, on the Galapagos island of Isabela. This network, originally installed in June 2002, successfully captured the extraordinary deformation leading up to and during the October 2005 eruption at the Sierra Negra. The eruption was preceded by multiple ?trapdoor faulting? events in the caldera floor, and accelerating inflation that amounted to 2.2 m of uplift in 30 months (?trapdoor faults? are curved faults that bound an uplifted block with a hinge zone on one side, like a trapdoor). More trapdoor faulting, dike intrusion, and subsidence of over 5 m in the caldera were associated with the eruption itself. The two additional CGPS stations will allow the investigators to fill a critical gap in the deformation monitoring, will eliminate ambiguity in satellite radar interferometry (InSAR) scenes that are discontinuous across the fault system, and will help better detection and modeling of the on-going deformation at the volcano. This work is timely because Sierra Negra began to re-inflate as soon as the October 2005 eruption was over and the center of the caldera has already been uplifted by over 2 m. At this rate of inflation, more trapdoor faulting events or eruptions are likely within the next few years. This project will ensure that researchers learn as much as possible from future events at this very active volcano, which is one of the best places on Earth to study the shallow intrusion of magma in space and time.