Cone-Forming Explosive Eruptions of Basalt Magma: Etna, Kilauea, Stromboli

基拉韦厄火山曾在1959年、1960年、1969年(-1974年)和1983-1986年(-2007年)发生喷发，喷泉活跃度高(400米)，以及其他高峰(1971年、1974年、1982年)和侧翼喷发，特点是喷泉活跃度低。这项研究考虑了这些喷发事件中记录最充分的例子的喷发动力学和产物。目前的目标是开发夏威夷火山爆发的各种类型和强度的综合模型，以便能够将那里的活动与其他有充分记录的斯特龙博尔火山和玄武岩火山喷发进行比较，并为它们的火山碎屑产物创建一个新的自洽分类。这项工作将分为以下六个子项目：电影/视频片段的重新分析、新的等厚和地层研究、粒度/成分、微结构、喷发前挥发分分析、岩浆流变学和建模。智力优势：这项工作将扩大对玄武岩系统如何以夏威夷(和斯特龙博尔式)喷发的理解，并通过使用最好的记录来自火山的最新例子来加强对这些类型爆炸事件的分类。他的工作有望改进对记录较少的玄武岩喷发的分类，玄武岩喷发的风格和强度必须从火山碎屑沉积中推断出来。这项工作最终将有助于预测基拉韦厄火山和其他类似玄武岩系统未来的爆炸性喷发。广泛的影响：了解促进玄武岩爆炸性喷发多样性的因素是至关重要的，以便改进对这些火山行为的预测，并评估未来玄武岩火山爆炸性事件的危险。基拉韦厄火山是大型火山旅游活动的所在地，公众既需要更好地了解火山的行为，也需要改进对未来可能喷发过程的预测。结果将通过由夏威夷火山观测站和夏威夷大学主办的链接网站通过互联网广泛传播。此外，该项目将把一名毕业生和几名本科生聚集在一起，与一个由火山学4个子学科组成的知名研究人员团队进行研究接触。

Kilauea has produced eruptions with high fountaining (400m) activity in 1959, 1960, 1969(-1974) and 1983-1986(-2007) as well as other summit (1971, 1974, 1982) and flank eruptions characterized by low fountaining activity. This study considers the eruption dynamics and products of the best-documented examples of these eruptive episodes. The immediate goal is to develop integrated models for the full range of styles and intensities of Hawaiian explosive volcanism, making it possible to compare activity there with other well documented Strombolian and basaltic subplinian eruptions and to create a new self-consistent classification for their pyroclastic products. The work will be divided into six sub-projects as follows: re-analysis of movie/video footage, new isopach and stratigraphic studies, grain size/componentry, microtextures, pre-eruptive volatile analysis, magma rheology and modeling.Intellectual merit: This work will expand understanding of how basaltic systems erupt in Hawaiian (and Strombolian fashion) and enhance classifications of these types of explosive events by using the best documented recent examples from the volcano. His work is expected to improve classification of less well-documented basaltic eruptions, where eruptive style and intensity must be inferred from the pyroclastic deposits. This work will ultimately aid in forecasting future explosive eruptions at Kilauea and other analogous basaltic systems.Broader Impacts: An understanding of the factors promoting diversity of basaltic explosive eruptions is of fundamental importance in order to improve prediction of the behaviors of these volcanoes and to assess hazards of future explosive events at basaltic volcanoes. Kilauea is the site of a large and growing volcano-tourism operations and there is a public need both for better knowledge of the volcano's behavior and improved forecasting of the likely course of future eruptions. Results will be widely disseminated via the Internet using linked web sites hosted by Hawaiian Volcano Observatory and University of Hawaii. Additionally, the project will bring together one graduate and several undergraduate students into research contact with a team of established researchers comprising 4 sub-disciplines in volcanology.