Collaborative Research: Recovery and analysis of preserved Poaceae viruses to examine microbial dispersal and evolution during an era of global change

小麦、燕麦、大米和其他谷物是世界范围内人类社会的主要支柱。与草类家族的其他成员一样，这些植物提供了人类摄入的大部分卡路里，要么直接作为谷物，要么间接作为放牧动物产生的肉和奶。不幸的是，这些重要的牧草受到几种植物病毒的困扰，包括大麦和谷物黄矮病病毒，它们损害了世界范围内的谷物生产。这些病毒还会危害野草，并可能促进入侵物种在自然界的传播。像这些有影响力的病毒是如何出现的，是什么因素导致了它们的传播和多样化？为了找到有关病毒历史的线索，该项目团队将恢复和分析保存在世界各地干燥植物历史收藏中的旧病毒的基因序列。对病毒的系统发育分析将揭示这些病毒是如何随着时间的推移传播的，并能够估计其历史上关键事件的日期。这项研究还将提供有关人类对植物病毒传播的影响的信息。人类对农业的发展和全球贸易可能是影响强大病毒出现和传播的两个因素。这项研究将提供过去有关病毒动力学的离奇信息，并对人类活动影响病毒威胁发展的方式产生新的见解。该项目的更广泛影响将包括培训教育工作者和来自代表性不足群体的学生，通过科学博物馆为微生物生态学推广工作做出贡献，以及将有关病毒关系的信息添加到精心策划的植物收藏中。国家科学基础建议摘要建议：0843140 PI姓名：马尔姆斯特罗姆，卡罗琳印刷

Wheat, oats, rice, and other cereal grains are key pillars of human societies worldwide.Along with other members of the grass family, these plants provide the majority of thecalories humans eat, either directly as grains or indirectly as meat and milk produced bygrazing animals. Unfortunately, these important grasses are plagued by several familiesof plant viruses, including the barley and cereal yellow dwarf viruses, which damagecereal grain production worldwide. These viruses also harm wild grasses and canadvance the spread of invasive species in nature. How have influential viruses likethese emerged and what factors have contributed to their spread and diversification? Tofind clues about virus history, the project team will recover and analyze geneticsequences of old viruses preserved within historical collections of dried plants aroundthe world. Phylogenetic analysis of the viruses will reveal how these viruses havespread over time and permit estimates of dates of key events in their history. Theresearch will also provide information on the influence of humans on the spread of plantviruses.Human development of agriculture and global trade are two factors that have likelyinfluenced the emergence and spread of potent viruses. This research will providemissing information about virus dynamics in the past and produce new insight into theways by which human activities influence the development of virus threats. Theproject's broader impact will include training of educators and students fromunderrepresented groups, contributions to microbial ecology outreach efforts through ascience museum, and the addition of information about virus relationships to curatedplant collections.NATIONAL SCIENCE FOUNDATIONProposal AbstractProposal:0843140 PI Name:Malmstrom, CarolynPrinted