DAT: Scientists and Engineers as Agents of Technological Progress: Measuring the Returns to R&D and the Economic Impact of Science & Engineering Workers

该项目开发了数据集和方法，以估计研发支出的经济回报，以及研发和非研发科学与工程（S&amp；E）工作者对经济成果的影响，并评估S&amp；E工作者的流动性对经济生产率的影响。来自多个政府（人口普查、国家科学基金会、劳工统计局）和其他档案来源的现有数据被匹配并链接在一起，以创建一个“综合科学与工程影响”（ASEI）数据库。该数据库包括企业和工厂的产出和投入、企业和大学的研发支出、企业和其他组织的专利、行业和地域的就业情况，以及员工在企业和工厂之间的流动性。这项研究将衡量标普活动的各种指标与整体经济和不同行业的结果联系起来。项目产生：1.；对研发私人回报的最新估计，不仅在广泛研究的制造业，而且在其他经济部门，对小公司和大公司；2. 2 .利用基于地理区域、产业部门和技术接近度的“溢出”研发存量对研发社会回报的新估计；3 .估计自主研发和外溢研发对企业专利产出和市场价值的影响，以及专利对企业生产率的影响；估计非研发人员就业对公司的影响？4 .生产力、专利和其他成果；5 .估计企业和工厂中科技工人的流动性，以及科技工人流动性对经济结果的影响；估计研发对不同技能水平劳动力需求变化的影响。更广泛的影响本研究的结果告知决策者科学和工程对美国经济的贡献，这与NSF sciip计划的目标是一致的。这项研究为美国研发回报的变化、研发人员在美国经济中的流动性和影响，以及未来对不同技能劳动力的需求提供了证据。新的ASEI数据库和分析方法可以定期快速更新估计结果。这可以为政策制定者提供有关政策问题的及时数据和分析。

The project develops datasets and methods to estimate the economic return to R&D spending and the impact of both R&D and non-R&D science and engineering (S&E) workers on economic outcomes, and to assess the effects of the mobility of S&E workers on economic productivity. Existing data from multiple government (Census, NSF, BLS) and other archival sources are matched and linked together to create an "Amalgamated Science and Engineering Impact" (ASEI) database. The database includes measures of output and inputs of firms and plants, R&D expenditures of firms and universities, patents of firms and other organizations, S&E employment by industry and geography, and the mobility of workers across firms and plants.The research connects diverse measures of S&E activity to outcomes in the economy overall and in different sectors. The project produces:1. Updated estimates of private returns to R&D, not only in the widely studied manufacturing sector, but also in other sectors of the economy, and for small firms as well as large firms; 2. New estimates of the social returns to R&D, using measures of "spillover" R&D stock based on geographic region, industry sector, and technology proximity;3. Estimates of the effect of own R&D and spillover R&D on patent output and market value of firms, and of the effect of patents on productivity of firms;4. Estimates of the impact of non-R&D S&E employment on firms? productivity, patents, and other outcomes;5. Estimates of the mobility of S&E workers across firms and plants, and of the effect of S&E worker mobility on economic outcomes;6. Estimates of the impact of R&D on the changing demand for labor with different skill levels. Broader ImpactsThe outcomes from this research inform policymakers about the contribution of science and engineering to the U.S. economy, consistent with the goals of the NSF SciSIP program. The research provides evidence on the changing returns to R&D in the U.S., on the mobility and impact of S&E workers in the U.S. economy, and on the future demand for labor with different types of skills. The new ASEI database and analytical methods enable rapid updating of estimated results on a regular basis. This can provide policymakers with timely data and analysis on policy issues of interest.