Understanding Decisions to Choose Intuitively or Rationally

摘要：“本奖项是根据2009年美国复苏和再投资法案（公法111-5）资助的。”人们普遍认为，做决定往往涉及对“理性”和“直觉”两方面的考虑。这个研究项目将研究人们在做决定时如何决定分配理性考虑和直觉冲动的权重。这项工作将特别密切地关注那些人们经历直觉和理性之间冲突的情况，必须选择是跟随他们的“头脑”还是“直觉”。大部分工作将检验人们在决定是否遵循其中一个或另一个时是否遵循“匹配”程序。也就是说，假设人们比较给定选择问题的特征(结果可以定量评估吗？结果是否会在一系列离散的步骤中展开？)与他们与理性（精确的，顺序的）和直觉（模糊的，整体的）相关联的特征，然后根据哪种输入提供了最接近的匹配，选择直觉或理性地决定。拟议中的研究还将检验人们与直觉（内脏）和理性（头脑）之间的身体联系如何影响他们对直觉和理性论点的评估，并最终影响他们做出的决定。通过理解人们如何利用理性和直觉输入来做出决策的过程，本研究有望进一步加深我们对以下方面的理解：(1)什么构成了直觉和理性，(2)为什么以及何时直觉论证可以胜过理性考虑，(3)如何构建决策环境以增加理性或直觉输入的影响，以及(3)如何帮助人们做出更有益的选择。

Abstract"This award is funded under the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009(Public Law 111-5)."It is widely acknowledged that making decisions often involves the consideration of both "rational" and "intuitive" inputs. This program of research will examine how people decide the amount of weight to assign rational considerations and intuitive impulses when making decisions. The work will focus particularly closely on those situations in which people experience a conflict between intuition and reason and must choose whether to follow their "head" or their "gut." Much of the work will examine whether people pursue a "matching" procedure in deciding whether to follow one or the other. That is, it is hypothesized that people compare the features of a given choice problem (Can the outcome be evaluated quantitatively? Will the outcome unfold in a series of discrete steps?) with the features they associate with reason (precise, sequential) and with intuition (fuzzy, wholistic), and then choose to decide intuitively or rationally according to which input provides the closest match. The proposed research will also examine how the bodily associations people have to intuition (gut) and reason (head) influence their evaluations of intuitive and rational arguments, and, ultimately, the decisions they make.By understanding the processes that govern how people utilize rational and intuitive inputs in making decisions, this research promises to further our understanding of (1) what constitutes intuition and reason, (2) why and when intuitive arguments can trump rational considerations, (3) how decision environments can be structured to increase the impact of either rational or intuitive inputs, and (3) how people can be aided in making more rewarding choices.