Whole Air Sampling Measurements and Data Analysis from the Stratosphere-Troposphere Analyses of Regional Transport 2008 Experiment and the HIAPER Pole-to-Pole Observation Campaign

该项目结合了两个主要的机载大气化学研究：最近完成的平流层-对流层区域运输分析2008实验（START08）和正在进行的高性能机载环境研究平台（HIAPER）极对极观测（HIPPO）项目。START08实验旨在研究温带对流层上层/平流层下层（UT/LS）的化学结构与一系列尺度动力过程的关系。在明确的气象条件下进行示踪测量是实验设计的关键组成部分。该研究将继续与START08团队的其他成员合作进行数据分析。特别是，该项目寻求使用PI的AWAS（自动全空气采样器）测量和相关测量的独特痕量气体数据集来检查对流层侵入平流层，评估平流层-对流层交换的混合时间尺度，并估计UT/LS区域的年龄谱。此外，这些数据将用于比较化学模式模拟与卫星在UT/LS中推导的分布和关系。hipper极对极观测（HIPPO）项目是一项多年的研究工作，其重点是了解全球碳循环，确定对流层中示踪剂运输的大规模速率，以及了解全球碳气体的来源和汇。虽然HIPPO的重点是碳循环气体，但该项目包括测量更广泛的微量气体，以补充对主要碳循环气体的分析，并提供半球尺度空气质量和与臭氧化学有关的气体的额外特征。PI将参与HIPPO剩余的三次全球调查和随后的数据解释，以完成季节性解决，与气候相关的微量气体的全球分布，这为了解排放，运输提供了独特的测量基准，并作为全球大气化学模型模拟的前所未有的测试。对这组微量气体的测量和分析将有助于了解大气中温室气体和碳循环气体以及其他与气候有关的微量气体之间的关系。通过与美国国家海洋和大气管理局（NOAA）全球网络中常用的烧瓶进行直接比较，该项目还支持开发可部署的飞机仪器作为社区资源。最后，HIPPO和START08项目以及这些测量将涉及对学生和博士后科学家的培训，该项目将促进大气化学和环境科学研究生和本科生课程的发展。

This project combines research related to two major airborne atmospheric chemistry studies: the recently completed Stratosphere-Troposphere Analyses of Regional Transport 2008 Experiment (START08) and the on-going High-performance Instrumented Airborne Platform for Environmental Research (HIAPER) Pole-to-Pole Observation (HIPPO) campaign. The START08 experiment was designed to examine the chemical structure of the extratropical upper troposphere/lower stratosphere (UT/LS) in relation to dynamical processes of a range of scales. Tracer measurements in well-defined meteorological conditions were a key component of the experimental design. The research will continue the data analysis in collaboration with others on the START08 team. In particular, this project seeks to use the unique trace gas data set from the PI's AWAS (automated whole air sampler) measurements and related measurements to examine tropospheric intrusions into the stratosphere, to evaluate mixing time scales for stratosphere-troposphere exchange, and to estimate age spectra in the UT/LS region. Further, the data will be used for comparison of chemical model simulations to satellite derived distributions and relationships in the UT/LS. The HIAPER Pole-to-Pole Observation (HIPPO) project is a multi-year research effort that focuses on understanding the global carbon cycle, on defining large-scale rates of tracer transport in the troposphere, and on understanding sources and sinks globally for carbon gases. While the emphasis of HIPPO is on carbon cycle gases, the project includes the measurement of a wider range of trace gases that complement that analysis of the major carbon cycle gases and provide additional characterization of hemispheric scale air quality and gases relevant to ozone chemistry. The PI will participate in the remaining three HIPPO global surveys and subsequent data interpretation to complete the seasonally resolved, global distributions of climate-relevant trace gases, which provides a unique benchmark of measurements for understanding emissions, transport, and as an unprecedented test for model simulations of global atmospheric chemistry.The measurement and analysis of the suite of trace gases will add to the understanding of the relationships between greenhouse and carbon cycle gases and other climate-relevant trace gases in the atmosphere. The project also supports the development of a deployable aircraft instrument as a community resource by direct comparison to National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) flasks commonly used throughout the NOAA global network. Finally, the HIPPO and START08 projects, and these measurements, will involve training of students and post-doctoral scientists, and the project will add to the development of graduate and undergraduate courses in atmospheric chemistry and environmental science.