The quality control of oceanic carbon dioxide measurements: preparation and distribution of reference materials.

在这个项目中，斯克里普斯海洋研究所的研究人员将继续为海洋二氧化碳测量的质量控制提供一种机制，特别是那些作为国际全球计划一部分的测量。这将有助于确保这些测量虽然在不同时间在不同实验室进行，但具有可比性和准确性；并将成为设计全球海洋观测系统的一个重要因素。正如他们之前在国家科学基金会的奖励下所做的那样，他们将准备和认证海洋二氧化碳系统参数的参考材料：总溶解无机碳，总碱度，氢离子浓度，海水样品的pH值。总溶解无机碳和总碱度的标准物质将以天然海水为基础，经过灭菌、装瓶，并采用适当的参考方法对这些参数进行分析。Tris的参考物质将以合成海水为基础，并使用经典的Harned细胞进行分析。这些参考材料将分发给美国和国际调查人员，以协助控制海洋二氧化碳测量的质量。在这个项目的过程中，他们预计将分发至少15,000瓶参考材料。这些材料还将用于提供测试样品，用于用于确定这些不同参数的分析方法的合作研究。这个项目的一个重要部分涉及到对未来的规划。必须确保为今后的海洋科学研究长期提供参考材料，并有必要确定将承担这一责任的机构或公司。为了鼓励这一点，首席研究员将与美国国家标准与技术研究所、位于比利时吉尔的欧洲标准物质与测量研究所（IRMM）、国际海洋科学研究所（IAPSO标准海水服务机构）以及各种日本研究人员进行互动，以评估和建议未来的计划。基础设施：为国际碳循环研究人员提供参考材料有助于提高世界各地海洋碳数据的整体质量，无论是对海洋碳分布的实地研究，还是对海洋酸化的相关研究。因此，它对该领域的研究基础设施作出了重大贡献。教育：在一个主要的美国海洋研究所，这样一个实验室的存在，确保本科生和研究生在实验室工作，与这个参考材料项目一起受益于高质量分析技术的教育，这是这个项目的重要组成部分，也受益于与质量控制和质量保证相关的辅助讨论。它还为该机构的其他学生提供了一个资源，这些学生对高质量的碳测量感兴趣，作为他们研究的一部分。首席研究员还被要求指导其他人进行二氧化碳测量，既可以通过电话或电子邮件交谈，也可以在更正式的课程中进行。外联：首席研究员将参与一些与他对海洋碳系统的研究相关的公共外联工作。特别是，他希望在海洋酸化领域做一些公开演讲，并与Niijii Films（《海洋变化》的制作方）合作，开发与这一主题相关的教育材料。

In this project, researchers at the Scripps Institute of Oceanogrpahy will continue to provide a mechanism for the quality control of the oceanic carbon dioxide measurements, in particular those that are made as part of international global programs. This will help to ensure that such measurements are comparable and accurate although made in different laboratories at different times; and will be an important factor in the design of a Global Ocean Observing System. As they have done under previous NSF awards for this activity, they will prepare and certify reference materials for the parameters of the oceanic carbon dioxide system: total dissolved inorganic carbon, total alkalinity, and hydrogen ion concentration, pH for a sample of sea water. The reference materials for total dissolved inorganic carbon and for total alkalinity will be based on natural seawater, sterilized, bottled, and analyzed using appropriate reference methods for these parameters. Reference materials for Tris will be based on synthetic seawater and analyzed using classical Harned cells. These reference materials will be distributed to US and to international investigators to assist in the quality control of oceanic CO2 measurements. During the course of this project, they expect to distribute at least 15,000 bottles of reference material. These materials will also be used to provide test samples for use in collaborative studies of the analytical methods used to determine these various parameters. An important part of the project involves planning for the future. It is essential to assure a long-term supply of reference materials for future ocean science research, and it will be necessary to identify an agency or company that will take on this responsibility. To encourage this, the principal investigator will interact with the US National Institute for Standards and Technology, the European Institute for Reference Materials and Measurements (IRMM) in Geel, Belgium as well as with Ocean Scientific International (the IAPSO Standard Sea Water Service), and with various Japanese investigators to assess and recommend a plan for the future. Broader Impacts: Infrastructure: The provision of reference materials to the international community of carbon cycle researchers helps to improve the overall quality of oceanic carbon data around the world both for field studies of the distribution of oceanic carbon, as well as for studies related to ocean acidification. Thus it is a significant contribution to research infrastructure in this field. Education: The existence of such a laboratory at a major US Oceanographic Institution, ensures that undergraduate students and graduate students that work in the lab alongside this reference material program benefit from the education in high-quality analytical techniques that is part and parcel of such a program, and also from the ancillary discussions associated with quality control and quality assurance. It also provides a resource for other students in the institution who are interested in making high-quality carbon measurements as part of their research. The principal investigator is also called on to instruct others in CO2 measurements, both by telephone or e-mail conversations, and also in more formal courses. Outreach: The principal investigator will be involved in a number of public outreach efforts related to his research studies on the ocean carbon system. In particular, he expects to make a number of public presentations in the area of ocean acidification, as well as to work with Niijii Films (makers of A Sea Change) to develop materials for use in education related to this topic.