PIRE: International Collaboration and Education in Ice Core Science (ICE-ICS)

这一跨学科的EURE项目将侧重于极地冰层记录的地球环境历史。该项目汇集了来自丹麦、法国、瑞士和日本的8所美国大学和5个国际研究机构的团队。这些合作伙伴将共同建立在最新技术发展的基础上，并利用通过主要国际冰芯钻探计划获得的样本，以完善冰川学模型，推进冰芯作为气候记录的研究。这将通过开发和应用下一代实验室技术和数学工具来研究冰芯来实现。具体地说，PERE团队预计将产生：1)对冰中微量气体的新分析工具和测量，以及对极地地区尘埃和同位素的新测量，2)被困在雪中的大气气体的物理模型，这些气体正在从冰雪转变为冰川冰，以及3)有用的新数据和模型，以阐明过去发生的气候突变的机制。如果成功，结果将产生新的见解，帮助描述全球范围内气候变化和温室气体生物地球化学循环之间的联系。通过借鉴美国和国际互补的专业知识、设施和数据，这种在冰芯科学方面的合作有望：提高获取有关过去气候和大气条件变化的数据的速度和质量，开发有希望的新测量方法，告知我们过去的环境条件，并提高我们对其意义的理解。此外，在其更广泛的影响中，ICE-ICS PERE应该为美国冰核社区提供一个更强大、更连贯的焦点，并为该社区日益重要的国际存在做出贡献，这应该会加强美国调查人员在未来国际气候相关项目中的长期作用。在CORER教育部分，5名美国博士后研究人员和63名本科生和研究生将接受培训，并与来自外国机构的资深美国研究人员和主要研究人员合作，为整个冰核科学议程做出贡献。在这个令人印象深刻的研究和机构网络中，一套精心整合的为期五年的教育活动将包括国际研究访问和研讨会以及美国ICE核心社区内的短期课程、虚拟研讨会和网络。博士后研究人员和研究生将在规划多研究者项目、教学和指导方面获得额外的经验。PERE合作体验旨在为这些美国初级参与者提供独特的培训机会，他们应该能够很好地领导下一代极地研究，这一领域已迅速成为一个重要的国际努力领域。总体而言，由研究人员、学生和机构组成的广泛的ICE-ICS团队准备以一种孤立的方式提供与冰芯研究相关的创新和广谱的科学。该项目还将对美国极地科学家的教育产生重大影响，这些科学家通常在一所机构接受培训，无法获得利用极地科学研究机会所需的全部学科。目前美国对冰芯记录的研究分布在分散在全国各地的一些小型大学研究小组中。欧洲和亚洲不同的研究结构导致了最近的几项重大科学成就。该项目将使美国调查人员和学生与国际合作伙伴围绕一个共同的主题，创建一个更一体化的美国社区，能够规划和实施雄心勃勃的项目，并为与国际组织的互动提供一个正式的场所。该项目还将加强研究生和博士后教育方面的交流和合作机会，方法是建立必要的联系，使研究生和博士后教育方面的国际合作在获奖期后保持持续水平。美国的机构将在这个跨学科网络中联系在一起，并在研究生和博士后研究人员的共同国际支持下获得经验。该项目还将扩大美国机构的虚拟国际影响，因为PERE团队成员将定期使用视频会议，开发研究设备的远程操作，并通过在开发和测试过程中广泛使用冰雪模型来参与交互式国际建模。参与该项目的美国机构包括：俄勒冈州立大学、达特茅斯学院(NH)、加州大学圣地亚哥分校的斯克里普斯海洋研究所、沙漠研究所(NV)、宾夕法尼亚州立大学、华盛顿大学、哥伦比亚大学(NY)和科罗拉多大学。国际伙伴机构是：尼尔斯·玻尔研究所-哥本哈根大学(丹麦)、格勒诺布尔大学(法国)、气候科学与L环境实验室(法国)、伯尔尼大学(瑞士)和国家极地研究所(日本)。这笔PERE拨款由美国国家科学基金会国际科学与工程办公室和极地项目办公室共同资助。

This interdisciplinary PIRE project will focus on the history of Earth's environment as recorded in ice of the Polar Regions. The project brings together teams from eight U.S. universities and five international research institutions located in Denmark, France, Switzerland, and Japan. Together these partners will build on recent technical developments and utilize samples secured via major international ice core-drilling programs for the purpose of refining glaciological models and advancing the study of ice cores as records of climate. This will be accomplished by developing and applying the next generation of laboratory techniques and mathematical tools to study ice cores. Specifically, the PIRE team expects to produce: 1) new analytical tools and measurements for trace gases in ice and new measurements of dust and isotopes in polar regions, 2) a mathematical model of the physics of atmospheric gases trapped in snow that is changing from firn ice to glacial ice, and 3) useful new data and models to elucidate mechanisms of abrupt climate change that occurred in the past. If successful, results should yield new insights to help describe the link between climate change and the biogeochemical cycling of greenhouses gases on a global scale.By drawing on complementary U.S. and international expertise, facilities and data, this PIRE collaboration in ice core science is expected to: improve the rate and quality of data acquisition about past changes in climate and atmospheric conditions, develop promising new measurements that inform us about past environmental conditions, and improve our understanding of their meaning. Furthermore, chief among its broader impacts, the ICE-ICS PIRE should provide a strong, more coherent focus for the U.S. ice core community and contribute to an increasingly significant international presence for that community, which should enhance the long-term role of U.S. investigators in future international climate-related projects. Under the PIRE education component, a cohort of five U.S. post-doctoral researchers and sixty-three undergraduate and graduate students will receive training and contribute to the overall ice core science agenda in cooperation with senior U.S. researchers and leading investigators from the foreign institutions. Across this impressive research and institutional network, a carefully integrated five-year set of educational activities will incorporate international research visits and workshops as well as short courses, virtual seminars, and networking within the U.S. ice core community. Post-doctoral researchers and graduate students will gain additional experience in planning multi-investigator projects, teaching, and mentoring. The PIRE collaborative experience is designed to provide a unique training opportunity for these junior U.S. participants who should be well positioned to lead the next generation of polar research, which has rapidly become an important international field of endeavor. Overall, the extensive ICE-ICS team of researchers, students and institutions is poised to deliver an innovative and broad spectrum of science associated with the study of ice cores, in a way not possible to achieve in isolation. The project will also have a significant impact on education of U.S. polar scientists who are typically trained at one institution without access to the full spectrum of disciplines necessary to take advantage of research opportunities in polar science. Current U.S. study of the ice core record is distributed among a number of small university research groups scattered widely around the country. Different research structures in Europe and Asia have led to several recent major scientific successes. This project will focus U.S. investigators and students around a common theme with international partners creating a more integrated U.S. community that can plan and implement ambitious projects and provide a formal venue for interaction with international groups. The project will also enhance opportunities for sharing and collaboration in graduate student and post-doctoral education by developing the connections needed for a sustained level of international collaboration in graduate and postdoctoral education beyond the duration of the award. U.S. institutions will be linked together in this interdisciplinary network and gain experience with joint international support of graduate students and post doctoral researchers. The project will also broaden the virtual international reach of U.S. institutions as PIRE team members will use video-conferencing regularly, develop remote operation of research equipment, and engage in interactive international modelling by making the firn ice model widely accessible as it is being developed and tested.Participating U.S. institutions are: Oregon State University, Dartmouth College (NH), Scripps Institution of Oceanography at University of California-San Diego, Desert Research Institute (NV), The Pennsylvania State University, University of Washington, Columbia University (NY), and University of Colorado. International partner institutions are: The Niels Bohr Institute-University of Copenhagen (Denmark), University of Grenoble (France), Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et l' Environment (LSCE) (France), University of Bern (Switzerland), and the National Institute of Polar Research (Japan). This PIRE grant is supported cofunded by NSF's Office of International Science and Engineering and the Office of Polar Programs.