Aboveground herbivores (EuroDIVERSITY 260)

与《共同农业政策》(CAP)相关的农业集约化导致许多欧洲动植物物种在地方、国家和区域灭绝，并在过去40年里使欧洲农业生态系统的功能发生了深刻变化。这种集约化导致了农业生态系统的简单化和专业化，放弃了肥沃程度较低的地区，导致了景观多样性的全面丧失，并增加了单位面积上的化学品使用量。这三个过程导致栖息地质量下降，食草性和捕食性物种利用的食物资源的多样性和丰富性下降，这是欧洲农田物种丧失的原因。履约协助方案最近的改革和新欧盟成员国的加入可能会对与欧洲有关的生物多样性和生态系统服务产生多重和深远的影响？S最广泛的栖息地。在这项提案中，一个由12个研究小组组成的联盟将研究与欧洲农业生态系统中生物多样性提供的生态系统服务有关的两个主要特征：(1)具有高保护价值的物种的持久性；(2)对重要农业害虫的持续生物防治的普遍性。这些小组包括地理/生物气候和农业集约化的双重梯度，这将使大规模评估整个欧洲农业生态系统的农业集约化的生态影响成为可能。该提案的主要预期成果包括：对生物多样性的变化、食物网的简化以及利用标准化方法进行农业集约化造成的农业病虫害生物防治的潜力进行全欧洲范围的评估，以及对与最近的履约协助方案改革相关的农业环境计划进行大规模评估。该提案与EuroDIVERSITY呼吁的专题1(了解生物多样性变化)和专题2(了解生物多样性变化对生态系统服务的影响)有关。

The intensification of agriculture associated with the Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) has entailed the local, national and regional extinction of numerous species of the European flora and fauna as well as profound changes in the functioning of European agroecosystems over the last 40 years. This intensification has entailed the simplification and specialisation of agroecosystems, the abandonment of less fertile areas leading to an overall loss of landscape diversity, and an increase in the use of chemicals per unit area. These three processes have induced a degradation of habitat quality and decreases in the diversity and abundance of food resources used by herbivorous and predatory species, processes that underlie the observed species loss in European farmlands. Recent reforms of the CAP and the entry of the new EU member countries may have multiple and profound consequences for the biodiversity and the ecosystem services associated with Europe¿s most extensive habitat. In this proposal, a consortium of 12 research teams will examine two main features related to the ecosystem services provided by biodiversity in European agroecosystems: (1) the persistence of species having high conservation value, and (2) the prevalence of sustained biological control of important agricultural pests. These teams encompass a double gradient of geography/bioclimate and agricultural intensification that will allow large-scale assessments of the ecological impacts of agricultural intensification across European agroecosystems. Among the main expected outcomes of this proposal are European-wide evaluations of the changes in biodiversity, simplification of food webs and the potential for biological control of agricultural pests in arable landscapes caused by agricultural intensification using standardised methods, and large-scale assessments of agri-environmental schemes associated with recent CAP reforms. The proposal is relevant to Topics 1 (Understanding biodiversity change) and 2 (Understanding impacts of biodiversity change on ecosystem services) of the EuroDIVERSITY call.