Spatial Variability in the Atmospheric Surface Layer and in the Surface Heat Exchange over Arctic Sea Ice

研究北冰洋表面热量收支（SHEBA）的实验提供了来自主要冰营地和几个偏远地点的宝贵数据。 最近的一些这些数据的分析提出了一个悖论，但是：在冬季，当海冰是均匀的白色和积雪覆盖，湍流表面通量似乎是更多的空间变化比在夏季，当表面伤痕累累的融化池和铅，因此，似乎相当异质。 由于这些湍流通量是表面热量和动量收支的关键组成部分，本项目建议进一步分析SHEBA数据，以研究海冰表面通量和相关表面气象变量空间变异的性质和原因。 该项目的目标包括以下分析和产品：调查平均大气表面变量的空间变异性;调查海冰表面特性的空间变异性，如表面温度、动量和感热的表面通量以及四个辐射通量分量;通过使用新开发的极地版本进行模拟，调查模拟的表面温度和表面热量收支的空间变化，在每个SHEBA站点上建立三维质量和能量收支模型SNTHERM;测试四个辐射通量分量的现有参数或开发新的简单参数，目的是评估一次性海冰浮标是否可以升级，以提供表面热收支的所有分量。 SHEBA的数据来自主要营地，一般来自距离主要营地30公里以内的四个偏远地点。 因此，数据集中的水平尺度属于微尺度至中尺度范围- 200米至30公里。 此外，对于0至15公里之间的所有间隔，数据集包括每1公里间隔至少1000小时的站对。 因此，这些分析将对如何在区域和全球气候模型中聚合可能构成北冰洋网格单元的不同表面的特性产生影响。

The experiment to study the Surface Heat Budget of the Arctic Ocean (SHEBA) provided an invaluable supply of data from the main ice camp and from several remote sites. Recent analyses of some of these data present a paradox, however: in winter, when the sea ice is uniformly white and snow-covered, turbulent surface fluxes seem to be more spatially variable than in summer, when the surface is scarred with melt ponds and leads and, therefore, appears quite heterogeneous. Because these turbulent fluxes are key components of the surface heat and momentum budgets, this project proposes further analyses of the SHEBA data to study the nature and causes of spatial variability in surface fluxes and related surface-level meteorological variables over sea ice. The objectives of this project include the following analyses and products: investigate the spatial variability of mean atmospheric surface-level variables; investigate the spatial variability of sea ice surface properties, such as surface temperature, the surface fluxes of momentum and sensible heat, and the four radiative flux components; investigate the spatial variability of the modeled surface temperature and the surface heat budget by running simulations with a newly developed polar version of the one-dimensional mass and energy budget model SNTHERM on each of the SHEBA sites; test existing or develop new, simple parameterizations for the four radiative flux components with the goal of evaluating whether expendable sea ice buoys can be upgraded to provide all the components of the surface heat budget. The SHEBA data come from the main camp and from, generally, four remote sites up to 30 km from the main camp. The horizontal scales represented in the data set thus fall in the microscale to mesoscale range - 200 m to 30 km. Moreover, the data set includes at least 1000 hours of station pairs in each 1 km interval for all separations between 0 and 15 km. As a result, the analyses will have implications for how to aggregate properties over the diverse surfaces that may constitute grid cells in the Arctic Ocean in regional and global climate models.