Understanding and Enhancing Post-Combustion Multi-Pollutant Control with Carbon-Based Materials

摘要PI：Mark Rood提案编号：CBET-1034470机构：伊利诺伊大学标题：了解和加强碳基材料燃烧后多污染物控制氮氧化物、汞（Hgo/Hg 2+）和二恶英/呋喃（PCDD/F）的排放来源广泛，但燃煤电厂的排放尤其重要。 氮氧化物有助于降水酸化和二次气溶胶形成，从而产生臭氧，对健康造成影响，并降低能见度。 汞是一种生物累积性污染物，可导致湖泊沉积物、动物和人类体内汞浓度的增加和毒性的增强，而已知多氯二苯并对二恶英和多氯二苯并呋喃毒性过高并致癌。 空气质量法规对这些污染物越来越严格，以保护人类健康和福利。 需要开发技术来提高我们消耗较少有毒物质的能力，防止这些污染物排放到环境中，并提供更可持续的生存。 这项研究将开发新的，低成本的碳基材料来氧化NO和HGO，使它们可以更容易地从现有的烟气脱硫（FGD）系统燃烧后的烟气流中捕获。 调整这些新的碳基材料的物理和化学性质将被用来增加NO和HGO在碳的局部浓度？的微孔结构，将污染物暴露于选择的反应物（即，表面官能团和/或催化剂）以诱导氧化，然后释放产物用于用现有技术捕获，现有技术在没有这种预先处理的情况下是无效的。 还将评估这些碳基材料在模拟烟道气流中分解多氯二苯并对二恶英和多氯二苯并呋喃的能力。 这种方法允许仔细开发和评估多孔碳基材料，可以选择性地包含或作为催化剂，以提供氮氧化物，汞和多氯二苯并对二恶英/多氯二苯并呋喃的多污染物控制。 伊利诺伊大学URS公司的国际研究小组，和台湾国立中央大学是唯一有资格研究定制和商业可用碳的能力，以实现多污染物转化和从烟道气流中去除有毒空气污染物。 这些结果将通过国家/国际合作和会议，伊利诺伊大学的教育计划，同行评议的文献和K-12水平的教育计划进行解释和传播。 这项研究的更广泛的影响已经仔细开发，以有效地整合这项研究的结果与教育在K-12学校和大学教育的本科/研究生水平。 K-12活动的关键组成部分是让年轻学生意识到并对解决环境问题的工程解决方案更感兴趣。 从这个项目的所有组成部分的结果将不仅通过传统的研究会议和手稿传播，而且还通过令人兴奋的课堂演示模块，基于网络的模块，并与科学，技术，工程和数学（STEM）教育联盟合作，由伊利诺伊州高等教育委员会的支持。 代表性不足的研究助理在本科水平将被招募参加这个项目通过NSF？的补充REU计划，并计划与国外的大学生合作。 总的来说，该项目的研究、教育和推广部分将允许基于基本物理和化学原理开发独特的碳材料，从而允许同时减少几种高浓度和低浓度气相污染物的排放，并将结果持续传播给各级教育。

AbstractPI: Mark RoodProposal Number: CBET-1034470Institution: University of IllinoisTitle: Understanding and Enhancing Post-Combustion Multi-Pollutant Control with Carbon-Based MaterialsNOx, mercury (Hgo/Hg2+), and dioxins/furans (PCDD/F) are emitted from a wide range of sources, but emissions from coal-fired power plants are especially significant. NOx contributes to acidification of precipitation and secondary aerosol formation resulting in ozone, which causes health effects, and visibility degradation. Mercury is a bioaccumulating pollutant that leads to enriched concentrations and heightened toxicity in lake sediments, animals, and humans, while PCDD/Fs are known to be excessively toxic and carcinogenic. Air quality regulations are becoming stricter for these pollutants to protect human health and welfare. Technologies need to be developed to enhance our ability to consume less toxic materials, prevent the emission of these pollutants to the environment, and provide for a more sustainable existence. This research will develop new, low-cost carbon-based materials to oxidize NO and Hgo so they can be more readily captured from post-combustion flue gas streams with existing flue gas desulfurization (FGD) systems. Tailoring of the physical and chemical properties of these novel carbon-based materials will be used to increase the localized concentrations of NO and Hgo in the carbon?s microporous structure by adsorption, expose the contaminants to select reactants(i.e., surface functional groups and/or catalysts) to induce oxidation, and then release the products for capture with existing technologies that are not effective without such prior processing. These carbon-based materials will also be evaluated to decompose PCDD/F in simulated flue gas streams. Such approach allows for careful development and evaluation of porous carbon-based materials that can selectively contain or act as catalysts to provide multipollutant control of NOx, mercury, and PCDD/F.The intellectual merit of achieving multi-pollutant control is carefully planned in this proposal. The international research team at University of Illinois, URS, Inc., and National Central University, Taiwan are uniquely qualified to study the ability of custom and commercially available carbons to achieve multi-pollutant transformations and removal of toxic air pollutants from flue gas streams. These results will be interpreted and disseminated through national/international collaborations and conferences, educational programs at University of Illinois, peer-reviewed literature, and educational programs at the K-12 level. The broader impacts of this research have been carefully developed to effectively integrate the results from this research with education at K-12 schools and the undergraduate/graduate levels of college education. The key component for K-12 activity is to make young students aware and more interested in engineering solutions to solve environmental issues. The results from all components of this project will be disseminated not only through conventional research conferences and manuscripts, but also through exciting classroom demonstration modules, web-based modules, and in collaboration with The Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics (STEM) Education Coalition, supported by the Illinois Board of Higher Education. Underrepresented research assistants at the undergraduate level will be recruited to participate with this project through NSF?s supplemental REU Program, and collaboration is planned with college students abroad. Overall, the research, educational, and outreach components of this project will allow for the development, based on fundamental physical and chemical principles, of unique carbon materials that allow for concomitant reduction in emissions of several high and low concentration gas phase pollutants with continuous dissemination of results to all levels of education.