RAPID: GPS Observations in Argentina of Co-seismic and Post-seismic Deformation Associated with the 27 Feb, 2010 Mw 8.8 Maule, Chile Earthquake

该奖项是根据2009年美国复苏和再投资法案资助的（公法111-5）。一个研究小组，通过孟菲斯大学协调，正在阿根廷安装五个新的连续运行的GPS站，以快速响应2010年2月27日智利马乌莱8.8级地震。美国科学家将从孟菲斯大学，夏威夷大学，和加州理工学院将与阿根廷国家地理研究所、圣胡安国立大学、圣路易斯国立大学、布宜诺斯艾利斯国立大学和门多萨库约国立大学的研究人员密切合作。快速部署是必要的，因为许多重要的信号在发射后的几周和几个月内迅速衰减和变化。该项目的目标是捕捉与该事件相关的远场的时间和空间相关的震后信号。这些罕见的事件提供了一个难得的机会，从根本上提高认识的地震周期的巨型逆冲断裂和相邻的海洋和大陆地壳和上地幔的本构特性。这些事件之后的深远变形和应力瞬变将影响该地区的其他断层数十年，并增加或减少其破裂的可能性。全球定位系统数据将通过联合国教科文组织立即提供给国际地球科学界，以便解决重要的科学问题：（1）断层界面的流变特性是什么？(2)如果发生深后滑，它是沿破裂面走向分布还是均匀分布？(3)大的应力扰动下大块土的力学响应是什么？（4）上地幔深部弛豫引起的瞬时变形和应力在整个区域的作用范围和分布情况如何？(5)应力是如何传递到弧后的？与大地震相关的地面运动在事件发生后数十年仍在继续，并影响非常大的地理区域。监测这些大的大地测量信号使研究人员能够在理解地球变形过程和材料特性方面取得飞跃。对这一事件的大地测量研究将从根本上推进我们对地震和造山过程的认识。马乌莱地震发生在一大片陆地附近，有大量的仪器可以用来研究它，它肯定会成为近代最重要的地球物理事件之一。这些数据将被许多领域用来限制建筑物损坏和海啸成因的模型。这将大大有助于对该地区新获得的数据以及现有数据的开放数据政策，这将使数据可供前所未有数量的美国和国际研究人员使用。该项目得到NSF国际科学与工程办公室美洲项目的支持。

This award is funded under the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009 (Public Law 111-5).A research team, coordinated through the University of Memphis, is installing five new continuously operating GPS stations in Argentina in rapid response to the February 27, 2010 magnitude 8.8 Maule earthquake in Chile.U.S. scientists will from University of Memphis, University of Hawaii, and California Institute of Technology will be working closely with Argentine researchers from the Instituto Geografico Nacional, Univerisdad Nacional de San Juan, Univerisdad Nacional de San Luis, Univerisdad de Buenos Aires, and Univerisdad Nacional de Cuyo, Mendoza. A rapid deployment is necessary because much of the important signal decays and changes rapidly in the weeks and months following the. The project objective is to capture the time- and space-dependent post-seismic signal in the far field associated with this event. These infrequent events provide a rare opportunity to fundamentally improve the understanding of the earthquake cycle of megathrust ruptures and the constitutive properties of the adjoining oceanic and continental crust and upper mantle. Far-reaching deformation and stress transients following these events will impact other faults in the region for decades, and either enhance or diminish their likelihood to rupture. The GPS data will be made available immediately to the international earth science community through UNAVCO so that important scientific questions can be addressed: (1) What is the rheological behavior of the fault interface? (2) If deep afterslip occurs, is it distributed along-strike of the rupture plane or does it occur uniformly? (3) What is the mechanical response of the bulk earth to large stress perturbations. (4)What is the reach and distribution of transient deformation and stress across the region, especially from deep-seated relaxation in the upper mantle? (5) How is stress transferred to the backarc?Ground motion associated with large earthquakes continues decades after the event and affects very large geographic areas. Monitoring these large geodetic signals allow researchers to make quantum leaps in the understanding of Earth deformation process and material properties. Geodetic study of this event will fundamentally advance our understanding of earthquake and mountain building process. The Maule earthquake, with its occurrence near a large landmass and the large numbers of instruments available to study it, will surely become one of the most important geophysical events of recent times. The data will be used by many fields to constrain models of building damage and tsunami-genesis. This will be greatly facilitated by an open data policy for both newly acquired as well as preexisting data in the region that will make data available to an unprecedented number of U.S. and international researchers.This project is supported by the Americas Program in NSF's Office of International Science and Engineering.