Collaborative Research: Development of Airborne Lidar and Temperature Mapper "Facility" Instruments for the NSF GV and Measurements during SAANGRIA

调查人员将建造一个大气激光雷达仪器和一个气辉成像仪，用于部署在NSF/NCAR湾流-V(NGV)飞机上。这些仪器的设计目的是使测量对于研究内重力波(GW)在大气动力学中的影响及其影响的化学、微物理和等离子体过程具有重要意义。在平流层，GW效应包括飞行高度的严重湍流，极地平流层云的产生，有助于破坏臭氧，以及对大尺度环流的系统性影响。大规模的GW也有类似的，但很大程度上未知的影响，延伸到热层和电离层。南安第斯-南极重力波计划(SAANGRIA)是一个计划，将利用NGV研究飞机测量南安第斯山脉、德雷克海峡和南极半岛的重力波效应，就GW作用力而言，南极半岛被认为是地球上最活跃的地区。目前的NGV仪器很适合SAANGRIA低层大气观测，但不能完全解决气候和中层低热层科学问题。新的平流层、中间层和低热层(MLT)NGV仪器将包括瑞利激光雷达和共振激光雷达，以及一个中层温度映射器，它将测量从NGV飞行高度(~13公里)到~100公里高度上的温度和垂直风向。这些仪器今后仍将作为NGV“设施”仪器，从而极大地提高NCAR设施在未来NSF调查人员飞行计划中的科学效益。从这些测量中获得的信息将有助于改进数值天气预报、大气环流模型和气候研究，从而使研究界和社会受益。

The investigators will build an atmospheric lidar instrument and an airglow imager for deployment on the NSF/NCAR Gulfstream-V (NGV) aircraft. The instruments are designed to make measurements important for studying the impacts of internal gravity waves (GWs) in atmospheric dynamics, and in the chemical, microphysical, and plasma processes they influence. In the stratosphere, GW effects include severe turbulence at flight altitudes, creation of polar stratospheric clouds that contribute to ozone destruction, and systematic influences on the large-scale circulation. Large-scale GWs also have similar, but largely unknown, effects extending well into the thermosphere and ionosphere. The Southern Andes -- ANtarctic GRavity wave InitiAtive (SAANGRIA) is a program that would employ the NGV research aircraft to measure gravity wave effects over the southern Andes, the Drake Passage, and the Antarctic Peninsula, which is believed to be the most dynamically active region on Earth in terms of GW forcing.Current NGV instruments are well suited to lower atmosphere SAANGRIA observations, but do not address climate and mesosphere-lower thermosphere science topics fully. The new stratospheric and mesosphere and lower thermosphere (MLT) NGV instruments would include Rayleigh and resonance lidars and a Mesospheric Temperature Mapper that would measure temperatures and vertical winds spanning altitudes from immediately above the NGV flight altitude (~13 km) to ~100 km. These instruments will remain as NGV "facility" instruments thereafter, thus greatly enhancing the scientific benefits of the NCAR facilities for flight programs by NSF investigators in the future. The information obtained from these measurements will benefit the research community and society by helping to improve numerical weather prediction, general circulation modeling, and climate studies.