Ship and Island Based Radar Observations in the Dynamics of the Madden-Julian Oscillation Project (DYNAMO)

马登-朱利安振荡动力学(发电机)实地活动是2011年底/2012年初在印度洋进行的一项国际实验--印度洋季节内变化合作实验(CINDY2011)--的美国组成部分。迪纳摩的首要目标是加快对印度洋上启动MJO的关键过程的了解，并改进对MJO的模拟和预测。现场活动将包括多个雷达、大气探测点、一架研究机、多艘研究船和海洋测量。迪纳摩的三个主要假设是：1)只有当湿层在MJO尺度的区域变得足够深时，才能将深层对流组织成MJO对流包层；这种增湿发生的速度决定了预增湿状态的持续时间，2)不同阶段的特定对流种群对MJO的启动是必不可少的，以及3)障碍层、风和切变驱动的混合、浅层温跃层和混合层夹带都通过控制上层海洋热含量和SST在印度洋MJO启动中发挥关键作用，因此表层通量反馈根据本奖项将在R/V Roger Revelle科考船上安装C波段多普勒雷达。该雷达将是参与迪纳摩的几个雷达之一。雷达将共同监测和描述与MJO启动有关的降水对流。雷达数据将被用来诊断加热剖面--深层对流促成大范围强迫的机制。雷达观测还将用于验证MJO的大尺度和云解析模式模拟。具体地说，PI将调查与改进MJO启动预测有关的问题，包括：*了解对流发展和大气增湿之间的关系。*描述热带印度洋对流的详细性质，以及对流和层状降水如何促进非绝热加热。*验证大尺度和云解析模式。这项工作的更广泛影响包括多名研究生参与实地研究，以及对迪纳摩运动更广泛的目标的贡献，以增进对热带对流的理解，MJO的可预测性，以及MJO对美国和其他地区天气的下游影响。

The Dynamics of the Madden-Julian Oscillation (DYNAMO) field campaign is the US component of an international experiment in late 2011/early 2012 in the Indian Ocean, the Cooperative Indian Ocean Experiment on Intraseasonal Variability (CINDY2011). The overarching goal of DYNAMO is to expedite understanding of processes key to MJO initiation over the Indian Ocean and to improve simulation and prediction of the MJO. The field campaign will include multiple radars, atmospheric sounding sites, a research aircraft, multiple research vessels, and oceanic measurements. The three main hypotheses of DYNAMO are: 1) Deep convection can be organized into an MJO convective envelope only when the moist layer has become sufficiently deep over a region of the MJO scale; the pace at which this moistening occurs determines the duration of the pre-onset state, 2) Specific convective populations at different stages are essential to MJO initiation, and 3) The barrier layer, wind- and shear-driven mixing, shallow thermocline, and mixing-layer entrainment all play essential roles in MJO initiation in the Indian Ocean by controlling the upper-ocean heat content and SST, and thereby surface flux feedbackUnder this award a C-band Doppler radar will be deployed on the research ship, R/V Roger Revelle. The radar will be one of several participating in DYNAMO. Collectively the radars will monitor and characterize precipitating convection associated with MJO initiation. The radar data will be used to diagnose heating profiles -- the mechanism by which deep convection contributes to large scale forcing. The radar observations also will be used to validate large scale and cloud resolving model simulations of the MJO.Specifically, the PI will investigate issues relative to improving predication of theMJO initiation including:* Understanding the relationship between convective development and moistening of the atmosphere.* Characterizing the detailed nature of convection over the tropical Indian Ocean and how convective and stratiform precipitation contribute to diabatic heating.* Validation of large scale and cloud resolving models.The broader impacts of the work include the involvement of multiple graduate students in field research, and the contribution to the broader goals of the DYNAMO campaign to improve understanding of tropical convection, the predictability of the MJO, and downstream effects of the MJO on weather in the United States and other areas.