Understanding the Wave-Driven Circulation and Variability of the Polar Atmosphere through Coordinated Observation, Analysis, and Modeling

这项调查的目的是通过一项综合研究，结合卫星测量、激光雷达测量、气象分析和模式模拟，了解极地大气的波动驱动的环流和可变性。这项研究是德国、日本和美国六个机构的研究人员之间的国际合作。位于挪威安多亚(69°N，16°E)、阿拉斯加查塔尼卡(65°N，147°W)、格陵兰Kangarlussuaq(67°N，51°W)和德国库朗斯伯恩(54°N，12°E)的观测站的四个瑞利激光雷达组成的国际网络提供了在不同天气制度(即北极平流层涡旋、阿留申反气旋、平流层冲浪带)下从北极东部到北极西部的一系列测量结果。激光雷达将产生高分辨率的温度和密度测量，从而能够表征行星波、潮汐和重力波。卫星观测提供了中间层和平流层上层的天气尺度温度测量，而气象探测和分析则提供了对流层和平流层下层的天气尺度测量。我们有三个具体目标：(一)扩大目前瑞利激光雷达的测量范围，以确定比以前测量的范围更广的波的特征；(二)将来自卫星观测和气象分析的低分辨率全球数据与来自北极瑞利激光雷达系统的高分辨率数据结合起来，以记录天气条件和波浪活动。Iii)使用一个综合的环流模式来研究观测到的波浪行为，以了解波浪平均流相互作用。拟议的活动将对北极大气环流进行全面分析，直接涉及以下具体研究：波和大尺度环流之间的耦合和反馈；极地涡旋和反气旋的结构、演变和变化；中低层大气之间的联系；以及大气遥连。这项研究将促进我们对区域和全球波平均流相互作用的理解，这对于理解环流的动力驱动和气候演变是至关重要的。这项研究将提供数据和分析，以支持对臭氧消耗、平流层气候以及北极地区远距离水平和垂直输送的研究。这项活动的观察、分析和结果将有助于CAWSES、Cedar、Search和SPARC计划。

The goal of this investigation is to understand the wave-driven circulation and variability of the polar atmosphere through an integrated study that combines satellite measurements, lidar measurements, meteorological analyses, and model simulations will be conducted. This study is an international collaboration between investigators at six institutions in Germany, Japan and the United States. An international network of four Rayleigh lidars located in observatories at Andoya, Norway (69°N, 16°E), Chatanika, Alaska (65°N, 147°W), Kangarlussuaq, Greenland (67°N, 51°W) and Kühlungsborn, Germany (54°N, 12°E) provide a chain of measurements from the eastern Arctic to the western Arctic under distinct synoptic regimes (i.e., the Arctic stratospheric vortex, the Aleutian anticyclone, the stratospheric surf-zone). The lidars will yield high-resolution temperature and density measurements that allow characterization of the planetary waves, tides, and gravity waves. The satellite observations yield synoptic-scale temperature measurements of the mesosphere and upper stratosphere while the meteorological soundings and analyses provide synoptic-scale measurements of the troposphere and lower stratosphere. We have three specific goals; i) to extend the scope of current Rayleigh lidar measurements to characterize a wider range of waves than previously measured ii) to combine lower-resolution global data from satellite observations and meteorological analyses with higher-resolution data from Arctic Rayleigh lidar systems to document both the synoptic conditions and wave activity. iii) to investigate the observed wave behavior using a comprehensive general circulation model to understand the wave mean-flow interactions. The proposed activity will provide a comprehensive analysis of the circulation of the Arctic atmosphere that will directly address the following specific studies; coupling and feedbacks between waves and large-scale circulation; the structure; evolution, and variability of polar vortices and anticyclones; links between the middle and lower atmosphere; and atmospheric tele-connections. The study will advance our understanding of wave mean-flow interactions both regionally and globally that is critical for understanding dynamical driving of the circulation and the evolution of the climate. This study will provide data and analyses in support of studies of ozone depletion, stratospheric climate, and long-range horizontal and vertical transport in the Arctic. The observations, analyses and results of this activity will contribute to the CAWSES, CEDAR, SEARCH, and SPARC programs.