Atmospheric Boundary Identification and Delineation Experiment III (ABIDE-3)

这项研究旨在提高收敛边界区（CBZ）的物理学的理解，集中在中性到稳定的边界层，其中CBZ和对流启动（CI）知之甚少。 两个主要和密切相关的目标包括全面调查：1。下午到晚上过渡（AET）期间的CBZ运动学和CI; 2。CBZ的特征（例如，钻孔，重力波）内的稳定（夜间）边界层和它们对云的形成和CI的影响。该项目包括数据收集，分析和数值模拟活动。 这项研究的一个主要组成部分将通过部署一个移动的X波段双极化雷达（MAX）和一个移动的剖面系统（MIPS）在一个中伽马尺度的中网时，CBZ的预计从下午三点到晚上。 MIPS将嵌入由MAX和固定场地C波段雷达组成的高分辨率双多普勒网络（18公里基线）的一个波瓣内。额外的地面观测将包括固定和移动的平台。 研究小组还计划使用来自能源部大气辐射测量-南部大平原（ARM SGP）在俄克拉荷马州的分析站点的数据，结合来自安装在ARM SGP中心站点周围的新雷达网络的多个多普勒雷达观测。 数值模拟，旨在补充的意见，将提供更多的细节边界层和CI过程推断的意见。 该项目的结果将与国际H2O项目（和其他）研究进行比较，这些研究表明，由于大涡与冷锋和干线的相互作用，深对流边界层内的CBZ具有高度三维结构。这个项目将提供相当大的进步，在我们的理解的物理CBZ的和CI通过检查这些现象在参数空间（中性到稳定），还没有在以前的研究中进行了全面的探讨。 该项目的独特之处在于它强调AET和夜间边界层（中性到稳定条件）。 由于MAX和MIPS是移动的平台，因此当预计在下午到晚上的时间段内出现CBZ时，它们将用于预配置的双多普勒网络。 与期限有限的实地活动相比，这种灵活性将以低成本和低风险提供全面的数据集。 此外，将对来自ARM SGP研究中心（北方OK）的数据进行类似的监测和分析。 这两个实验地点将提供来自风廓线仪、垂直指向雷达、气球探测、地基红外/微波廓线仪和多个多普勒雷达阵列的综合数据。 更广泛的影响。CI，闪电，恶劣天气（龙卷风）和边界层大气传输（空气质量）的改进预测代表了这项研究的重大社会效益。 测量的全面性（以及24/7的能力）将增加偶然科学发现的可能性。 在亨茨维尔和拉蒙（OK）站点以及亨茨维尔的亚拉巴马大学（UAH）仪器收集的数据将广泛用于PI的（i）两门研究生课程，边界层气象学和地基遥感;和（ii）一本书地基遥感。 两名UAH研究生和一名博士后助理将积极参与实地活动和随后的建模活动的各个方面。 该UAH平台将提供给其他UAH学生谁在相关主题的研究兴趣。 该项目将支持和利用MIPS和MAX，前者在过去十年中已被用于许多科学项目。 这些数据集将有助于其他学科，如锋的中尺度/微尺度结构，强风暴环境中的重力波，边界层过程和生物飞行物的特性。

This research seeks to improve understanding of the physics of convergent boundary zones (CBZ), focusing on the neutral to stable boundary layer, within which CBZ's and convective initiation (CI) are poorly understood. Two primary and closely related objectives include comprehensive investigations of:1. CBZ kinematics and CI during the Afternoon to Evening Transition (AET);2. Characteristics of CBZs (e.g., bores, gravity waves) within the stable (nocturnal) boundary layer and their impact on cloud formation and CI.The project involves data collection, analysis, and numerical modeling activities. A major component of this research will be accomplished by deploying a mobile X-band dual polarization radar (MAX) and a mobile profiling system (MIPS) within a meso-Gamma-scale mesonet when CBZ's are anticipated from mid-afternoon to evening. The MIPS will be embedded within one lobe of a high-resolution dual Doppler network (18 km baseline), formed by the MAX and a fixed site C-band radar. Additional surface observations will include fixed and mobile platforms. The research team also plans to use data from the Department of Energy's Atmospheric Radiation Measurement-Southern Great Plains (ARM SGP) profiling site in Oklahoma, combined with multiple Doppler radar observations from a new network of radars installed around the ARM SGP central site. Numerical simulations, designed to complement the observations, will provide additional details on boundary layer and CI processes inferred from the observations. Results of this project will be compared to International H2O project (and other) studies, which have shown a highly 3-D structure of CBZ's within deep convective boundary layers, due to interactions of large eddies with cold front and drylines.Intellectual merit. This project will provide considerable advances in our understanding of the physics of CBZ's and CI by examining these phenomena in a parameter space (neutral to stable) that has not been comprehensively explored in previous studies. The unique feature of this project is its emphasis on the AET and nocturnal boundary layer (neutral to stable conditions). Since the MAX and MIPS are mobile platforms, they will be utilized in a preconfigured dual Doppler network when CBZs are expected during the mid-afternoon to evening time periods. This flexibility will provide comprehensive datasets at low cost and low risk when compared to limited duration field campaigns. In addition, data from the ARM SGP site (northern OK) will be monitored and analyzed similarly. Both experimental locations will provide comprehensive data from wind profilers, vertically pointing radars, balloon soundings, ground-based IR/microwave profilers, and multiple Doppler radar arrays. Broader impacts. Improved forecasting of CI, lightning, severe weather (tornadoes), and boundary-layer atmosphere transports (air quality) represent significant societal benefits of this research. The comprehensive nature of measurements (and the 24/7 capability) will increase probability of serendipitous scientific discoveries. The data collected at the Huntsville and Lamont (OK) sites, and the University of Alabama in Huntsville (UAH) instrumentation, will be utilized extensively in PI's (i) two graduate level courses, Boundary Layer Meteorology and Ground-Based Remote Sensing; and (ii) a book Ground-Based Remote Sensing. Two UAH graduate students and one postdoctoral associate will be actively engaged in all aspects of the field campaign and subsequent modeling activities. The UAH platforms will be made available to other UAH students who have research interests in related topics. The project will support and utilize MIPS and MAX, the former of which has been utilized in numerous scientific projects over the last decade. The datasets will contribute to other disciplines, such as mesoscale/microscale structure of fronts, gravity waves in the severe storms environment, boundary layer process, and properties of biological flyers.