Collaborative Research: International Collaboration in Chemistry: Formation Mechanisms of Iodinated Disinfection By-Products from X-Ray Contrast Media

化学学部的环境化学科学（ECS）项目将支持阿克伦大学的Stephen Duirk教授、伊利诺伊大学厄巴纳香槟分校的Michael Plewa教授、美国环保署的Susan Richardson博士和德国科布伦茨联邦水文研究所的Thomas Ternes博士在化学研究项目上的国际合作。研究人员及其学生将采用先进的测量方法阐明饮用水消毒剂与碘x射线造影剂（ICM）反应产生的剧毒碘消毒剂副产物（iodo-DBPs）的形成机制。尽管ICM被广泛使用并且在地表水中含量很高，但从未对其作为饮用水处理中dbp的前体进行过调查。美国研究人员将鉴定氯化氧化剂与ICM及其TPs反应时形成的低分子量碘- dbps，德国研究人员将鉴定高分子量反应产物。还将测量反应产物混合物和鉴定出的单个碘- dbps的毒性（哺乳动物细胞遗传毒性和细胞毒性），以确定哪些ICM及其微生物转化产物（TPs）和反应条件会产生有毒副产物。由于清洁水源受到来自废水输入的人为化学物质的污染，因此了解这些污染物如何在饮用水处理过程中进行化学转化，从而形成有毒转化产物是很重要的。了解污染物转化途径将最终导致最大限度地减少或消除饮用水中高毒性dbp的形成，这可能会影响全世界数百万饮用消毒饮用水的人。这项研究将为本科生和研究生提供一个极好的教育机会，在国际合作环境中开展具有重要社会意义的环境化学科学项目。这项国际合作研究项目由美国国家科学基金会和德国研究基金会（DFG）联合支持。

The Environmental Chemical Sciences (ECS) program of the Division of Chemistry will support the international collaboration in chemistry research program of Prof. Stephen Duirk of the University of Akron, Prof. Michael Plewa of the University of Illinois at Urbana Champaign, Dr. Susan Richardson of USEPA, and Dr. Thomas Ternes of the Federal Institute of Hydrology in Koblenz, Germany. The collaborative team of investigators and their students will employ advanced measurement methods to elucidate the formation mechanisms of highly toxic iodo-disinfentant by products (iodo-DBPs) from the reaction of drinking water disinfectants with iodinated X-ray contrast media (ICM). ICM have never been investigated as precursors to DBPs in drinking water treatment, despite the fact that they are widely used and are found at high levels in surface waters. The US researchers will identify low molecular weight iodo-DBPs formed during the reaction of chlorinated oxidants with ICM and their TPs, and German researchers will identify high molecular weight reaction products. The toxicity (mammalian cell genotoxicity and cytotoxicity) of the reaction product mixtures and of individual iodo-DBPs identified will also be measured to determine which ICM, and their microbial transformation products (TPs), and reaction conditions give rise to toxic by-products. As clean water sources are contaminated with anthropogenic chemicals from wastewater inputs, it is important to understand how these contaminants can be chemically transformed during drinking water treatment resulting in the formation of toxic transformation products. Understanding contaminant transformation pathways will ultimately result in minimizing or eliminating the formation of highly toxic DBPs in drinking water, which could potentially impact the millions of people worldwide who consume disinfected drinking water. The study will provide an excellent educational opportunity for undergraduate and graduate students to carry out an environmental chemical science project of great societal importance in international collaborative settings. This international collaborative research project is supported jointly by NSF and the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (German Research Foundation) (DFG).