Characterization of Surface Wind Energy Resources and Wake Interferences among Wind Turbines over Complex Terrains for Optimal Site Design and Turbine Durability

1133751 PI Hu 1133751 PI Hu 1133751 PI Hu 1133751虽然已经进行了许多研究来调查多个风力涡轮机之间的尾流干扰，以用于风力发电场中风力涡轮机的最佳布局设计，但大多数先前的模型涉及简化平面上的均匀直线风。大多数陆上风力涡轮机位于地形复杂的风电场，这些风电场并不平坦。一个更现实的模型将考虑多个风力涡轮机位于陆上风电场与复杂的地形，如丘陵，山谷，山脊和悬崖。 此外，需要考虑复杂地形上地面风的流动特性（空间和时间）的显著变化对风力涡轮机之间的功率生产率、疲劳载荷和尾流干扰的影响。在本项目中，PI将进行基础研究，以量化陆上风电场典型复杂地形上的表面风的平均和湍流特性，并调查位于复杂地形上的多个风力涡轮机之间的尾流干扰。 在本项目中，将使用爱荷华州州立大学的大规模空气动力学/大气边界层（AABL）风洞和风洞来量化位于平坦表面（基线情况）和具有非均匀表面风的复杂地形上的风力涡轮机阵列的性能。除了测量动态风载荷和风力涡轮机的功率输出外，先进的流场诊断技术，如粒子图像测速（PIV）和平面激光诱导荧光（PLIF），将用于确定详细的流场特性，如复杂地形下的表面风和尾流干扰的平均和湍流特性。详细的流场测量将与动态风荷载和功率输出测量相关联。这一项目的成果将使人们更好地了解复杂地形上地面风能资源的基本物理和特点。就更广泛的影响而言，该研究计划将被纳入爱荷华州？通过在现有的空气动力学实验室课程中增加风力涡轮机空气动力学实验模块，改进了大学生和研究生的课程。 该项目的研究结果将广泛传播，以充实风能和风力涡轮机技术的知识库。爱荷华州现有的项目将被用来招收更多的女性和少数民族学生。 “可再生能源和风力涡轮机技术”研讨会和示范实验将为K-12教师和学生开发。 研究，教育和推广活动，预计将作出重大贡献的土地赠款使命的爱荷华州州立大学。 该项目的研究结果将用于开发更现实的模型，以预测复杂地形上的多个尾流相互作用，并优化风力涡轮机阵列的最佳场地设计的范例，使其具有更高的发电量，更好的完整性和更长的涡轮机耐用性。

1133751 PI HuWhile a number of studies have been conducted to investigate wake interference among multiple wind turbines for the optimal layout design of wind turbines in a wind farm, most previous models involved homogenous straight-line winds over simplified flat surfaces. Most onshore wind turbines are sited in wind farms with complex terrains, which are not flat. A more realistic model would account for multiple wind turbines sited in an onshore wind farm with complex terrains such as hills, valleys, ridges and escarpments. In addition, the effects of the significant variations in flow characteristics (spatial and temporal) of the surface winds over complex terrains on the power productivity, fatigue loads, and wake interference among wind turbines need to be taken into account. In this project, the PIs will perform a fundamental study to quantify the mean and turbulence characteristics of the surface winds over typical complex terrains seen in onshore wind farms and to investigate the wake interference among multiple wind turbines sited over the complex terrains. In this project the large-scale Aerodynamic/Atmospheric Boundary Layer (AABL) Wind and Wind Tunnel at Iowa State University will be used to quantify the performance of an array of wind turbines sited over a flat surface (baseline case) and complex terrains with non-homogenous surface winds. In addition to measuring dynamic wind loads and the power outputs of the wind turbines, advanced flow diagnostic techniques such as Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV) and Planar Laser Induced Fluorescence (PLIF) will be used to determine detailed flow field characteristics such as the mean and turbulence characteristics of the surface winds and wake interference in complex terrains. The detailed flow field measurements will be correlated with the dynamic wind loads and power output measurements. The results of this project will lead to a better understanding of underlying physics and the characteristics of surface wind energy resources over complex terrains. In terms of the broader impacts, the research program will be incorporated into the Iowa State?s curricula, both undergraduate and graduate, by adding wind turbine aerodynamics experiment modules to the existing aerodynamics laboratory courses. The findings derived from the project will be disseminated broadly to contribute to the knowledge base of wind energy and wind turbine technology. Existing programs at Iowa State will be leveraged to recruit more female and minority students. "Renewable Energy and Wind Turbine Technology" seminars and demonstration experiments will be developed for K-12 teachers and students. The research, education, and outreach activities are expected to make a significant contribution to the land-grant mission of Iowa State University. The findings derived from this project will be used to develop more realistic models to predict multiple wake interactions over complex terrains and to optimize paradigms for the optimal site design of wind turbine arrays with higher power yield, better integrity, and longer durability of the turbines.