Workshop: Tsunami sedimentology and its role in hazard awareness, preparedness, assessment and mitigation

这次跨学科讲习班将汇集从物理、社会科学和工程等不同角度研究海啸的研究人员，制定海啸沉积物跨学科研究的优先事项，以及如何利用这项研究提高对海啸灾害的认识和防备，并帮助制定更好的灾害评估和减灾设计。2004年的苏门答腊地震和2011年的东北地震及其相关的跨洋海啸凸显了这些话题的重要性，即使在技术先进的国家也是如此。讲习班的预期成果包括向国家科学基金会提出关于海啸研究优先事项的建议和国家科学基金会提出的初步合作建议。讲习班将围绕以下问题组织，范围从基础科学到公共领域的应用：-海啸的沉积物和侵蚀特征记录了哪些导致过程？-如何将海啸的地质信息与现代海啸后调查中收集的数据进行比较？-如何将海啸沉积物研究纳入海洋和沿海基础设施的工程设计，以及-如何利用海啸沉积物信息来提高社区和个人对海啸危害的认识和防备？海啸经常发生在世界的海洋中，在人类和地质时间尺度上都是如此。大多数海啸是由海底断层位移引起的；还有一些是由海底滑坡、火山爆发和陨石撞击引起的。自从地质学家开始利用陆上沉积物来确定有海啸风险的地区以来，仅仅过去了20年。这项工作产生了惊人的发现，特别是在美国西北部。但基本的问题仍然存在，比如如何区分海啸沉积物和大型风暴潮海岸上的风暴沉积物。海啸沉积物在记录水流深度和流速方面也有巨大的潜力。对海岸工程师重要的参数。地质学家、沉积物运输专家、海啸数值模拟师、实验家、工程师和社会科学家在这一前沿领域共同努力。研讨会为这些不同的专家权衡优先事项和计划合作提供了一个及时的场所。更广泛的影响应对海啸危害有三种途径：评估、缓解和预警。评估的主要手段之一是量化过去事件的复发间隔和大小估计，而海啸沉积研究是这样做的重要手段。此外，海啸沉积物研究有助于开展公众教育和提高认识，这是减灾工作的一个重要方面。2004年12月26日和2011年3月11日的海啸悲惨地表明，全球需要进行海啸危害评估、教育和社区准备。这次讲习班将把科学研究人员和工程师聚集在一起，以便开发改进向潜在受影响社区传播海啸研究成果的手段。

This interdisciplinary workshop will bring together researchers who study tsunamis from different perspectives, such physical and social sciences and engineering, to develop priorities for interdisciplinary research on tsunami deposits, and how this research can be employed to increase awareness of and preparedness for tsunami hazards, as well as help to develop better hazard assessments and mitigation designs. The 2004 Sumatra and 2011 Tohoku earthquakes and their associated ocean-crossing tsunamis underscore the importance of these topics, even in technologically advanced countries. Anticipated outcomes of the workshop include recommendations to NSF on tsunami research priorities and preliminary collaborative NSF proposals.The workshop will be organized around the following questions, which range from basic science to applications in the public sphere:- What causative processes are recorded in deposits and erosional features of tsunamis?- How can geologic information about tsunamis be compared to data collected during modern post-tsunami surveys?- How can tsunami deposit studies be incorporated into engineering designs of marine and coastal infrastructure, and- How can tsunami deposit information be used to increase tsunami hazard awareness and preparedness of communities and individuals?Intellectual MeritTsunamis happen often in the world's oceans, on both human and geologic time scales. Most tsunamis result from fault displacement under the sea; others are set off by submarine landslides, volcanic eruptions, and meteorite impacts. Barely two decades have passed since geologists began using onshore sedimentary deposits to identify areas at risk to tsunamis. The work has produced startling discoveries, particularly in the northwestern United States. But basic questions remain, such as how to distinguish tsunami deposits from storm deposits on coasts with large storm surges. Tsunami deposits also have enormous potential as recorders of flow depth and velocity? parameters of importance to coastal engineers. Working together at this frontier are geologists, sediment-transport experts, numerical tsunami modelers, experimentalists, engineers, and social scientists. The workshop provides a timely venue for these various specialists to weigh priorities and plan collaborations.Broader ImpactsThere are three avenues to addressing tsunami hazard: assessment, mitigation, and warning. One of the major means for assessment is to quantify recurrence intervals and size estimates of past events, and tsunami-deposit studies are an important means for doing so. Moreover, tsunami-deposit studies can help in generating public education and awareness--an important aspect of mitigation efforts. The 26 December 2004 and the 11 March 2011 tsunamis tragically demonstrate the global need for tsunami hazard assessment, education, and community preparation. This workshop will bring together scientific researchers and engineers in order to develop means for improving the communication of tsunami research results to potentially affected communities.