Research and development of low cost, low power solar cells for rural off grid applications (homesteads, clinics) on the African continent. Manufacture of the required heterojunctions by inexpensive printing techniques (screen printing/ink jet printing).

1.印刷硅工艺研究利用印刷硅技术研究、开发和制造低成本、低功率太阳能电池，特别是关于a)通过优化硅纳米颗粒制造、油墨制造和印刷工艺来研究和改善印刷硅薄膜的电学性能。B)利用印刷技术制造的适用硅异质结的设计和开发。C)设计和开发电池发射体，研究低热预算的氮掺杂技术，例如激光掺杂。D)研究印刷金属薄膜以实现最佳电荷提取。E)透明导电层印刷的研究。F)透明导电层沉积的研究。G)前端互连设计、太阳能组件制造和组件测试。为南非的教育和技术发展作出贡献。

1. Investigation of printed silicon technologies.2. Investigation, development and manufacture of low cost, low power solar cells by printed silicon technologies particularly with regard to a) investigation and improvement of electrical properties of printed silicon films by optimization of silicon nanoparticle manufacture, ink making and printing process. b) design and development of applicable silicon heterojunctions manufactured with printing techniques. c) design and development of cell emitter, investigation of low thermal budget n-doping techniques, e.g. laser doping. d) research printed metal films for optimum charge extraction. e) investigation of transparent conductive layer printing. f) investigation of transparent conductive layer deposition. g) design of front side interconnects, solar module manufacture and module testing.3. Contribution to the educational and technolgical development of South Africa.