Closing The Surface Ocean CO2 Budget in The N Pacific Using Underway 13C/12C, pCO2, DIC and O2/Ar Measurements

海洋学家面临的一个基本问题是，海洋碳循环将如何应对未来的气候变化，以及这种反应将如何反馈到大气二氧化碳水平、海洋酸化和气候。海洋碳循环对气候变化的反应将涉及物理、生物和化学过程之间的相互作用。然而，对于世界上的大部分海洋，我们往往因为缺乏观测而没有很好地了解这些过程之间的联系。因此，未来海洋碳循环的预期变化幅度甚至方向尚不清楚。此外，由于缺乏观测，我们无法验证用于预测未来大气和海洋二氧化碳水平变化的碳循环模型。《海洋碳与气候变化报告》(海洋碳和气候变化报告，2004年)特别将北太平洋确定为重点研究控制海洋-大气碳通量的过程的高度优先区域。在这个项目中，华盛顿大学的一个研究小组将采用一种新的方法来增加关于表层海洋二氧化碳、溶解无机碳(DIC)和二氧化碳的13C同位素组成的时空变化的观测数据。他们将使用一种新的分析技术，腔振荡谱(CRDS)，允许连续测量溶解的二氧化碳气体和DIC的del13C和浓度。将使用一艘集装箱船在从香港到加利福尼亚州长滩的北太平洋横断面上以5-10公里的分辨率每月测量二氧化碳、DIC和Del13C以及O2/Ar、O2、pH、硝酸盐、叶绿素和颗粒物，特别是在分隔副热带和亚北极的过渡区，那里的海洋二氧化碳吸收速率比全球平均水平高5-20倍。他们将利用正在进行的二氧化碳分压、DIC、DEL13C和O2/Ar的测量来结束北太平洋的表层二氧化碳收支，并量化海洋表面温度变化、有机碳输出和DIC的物理输送在一个年度周期内对海-气二氧化碳通量的影响。更广泛的影响。提议采用多种分析方法，利用集装箱船采样平台持续测量海-气二氧化碳通量、生物生产力、DIC和13C，这是一项创新，可能产生的数据可大大惠及参与碳循环建模和遥感的更广泛的海洋界。该项目预计将显著改善对未来气候变化的预测。研究成果将纳入本科生和研究生课程，研究生和本科生将积极参与。项目成果将通过华盛顿大学气候变化方案协调，利用海洋学院的教职员工和研究生，纳入现有的外联讲座。

A fundamental question facing oceanographers is how the ocean carbon cycle will respond to future climate change and how this response will feed back on atmospheric CO2 levels, ocean acidification and climate. The response of the ocean carbon cycle to climate change will involve interactions between physical, biological and chemical processes. Yet for the most of the world ocean we do not understand well the links between these processes often because of a lack of observations. As a result, the magnitude or even direction of change expected for the ocean carbon cycle in the future is unclear. Furthermore, the lack of observations prevents us from validating carbon cycle models used to predict future changes in atmospheric and oceanic CO2 levels. The Ocean Carbon and Climate Change report (OCCC, 2004) specifically identified the North Pacific Ocean as a high priority region for focusing studies of the processes controlling ocean-atmosphere carbon fluxes. In this project, a research team at the University of Washington will take a novel approach to increase the observational data on the spatial and temporal variations of the surface ocean pCO2, dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) and 13C isotopic composition of CO2. They will use a new analytical technique, Cavity Ring Down Spectroscopy (CRDS), that allows for continuous measurement of the del13C and concentration of both dissolved CO2 gas and DIC. A container ship will be employed to make monthly underway measurements of pCO2, DIC and del13C along with O2/Ar, O2, pH, nitrate, chlorophyll and particles at 5-10 km resolution along a North Pacific transect from Hong Kong to Long Beach, California, in particular in the Transition Zone separating the subtropical and subarctic regimes where oceanic CO2 uptake rates are 5-20x higher than the global average. They will use the underway measurements of pCO2, DIC, del13C and O2/Ar to close the surface CO2 budget in the North Pacific and quantify the impact of sea surface temperature changes, organic carbon export and physical transport of DIC on the air-sea CO2 flux over an annual cycle. Broader Impacts. The proposed application of multiple analytical methods to continuously measure air-sea CO2 flux, biological productivity, DIC and 13C using a container ship sampling platform is innovative and potentially will result in data that could significantly benefit the broader ocean communities involved in carbon cycle modeling and remote sensing. The project is expected to significantly help improve predictions of future climate change. Research results will be incorporated into both undergraduate and graduate course curricula, and there will be active graduate and undergraduate student participation. Project results will be incorporated into existing outreach talks using faculty and graduate students in the School of Oceanography coordinated through the Program on Climate Change at the University of Washington.