SHF: Small: Helping Developers Improve the Energy Consumption of Smartphone Applications

移动设备的功能显著增加，最终用户能够在其智能手机上执行各种有用的任务。然而，这些设备的可用性受到其能耗的强烈影响。尽管在硬件和电池设计方面取得了进步，但一个编码不佳的应用程序可能会因为大量耗电的操作而耗尽智能手机的电池。开发人员缺乏工具和技术来确定何时何地可以改善其应用程序的能耗概况。本研究旨在帮助开发人员了解其应用程序中的能源消耗情况，并帮助他们以降低能耗的方式更改其应用程序。鉴于移动应用的广泛使用和与能源消耗相关的问题的盛行，这项工作将通过改进应用来影响最终用户和开发人员？提高能源效率，促进这一领域的进一步研究。这项研究的结果还将通过培训未来的软件工程师来预测、估计、测量和管理他们的系统设计和实现对能源消耗的影响，从而产生显著的教育影响。第一个推力是开发用于在线测量和可视化的程序分析技术，为开发人员提供应用程序单行级别的能源消耗信息--S源代码。使用这一功能，第二个重点是通过在应用程序的体系结构、设计和代码级别对能源消耗和实现结构之间的关系进行经验研究，确定一组节能开发最佳实践。第三个重点是使用最佳实践向开发人员提出一组节能重构，并帮助他们确定将导致最高能效应用程序的更改。

The capabilities of mobile devices have increased dramatically and end-users are able to perform a wide range of useful tasks on their smartphones. However, the usability of these devices is strongly influenced by their energy consumption. Despite advances in hardware and battery design, a poorly coded application can drain a smartphone's battery with numerous energy-expensive operations. Developers lack the tools and techniques to identify when and where the energy consumption profiles of their applications can be improved. This research aims to help developers understand how energy is consumed within their applications, and to help them change their applications in ways that will lead to reduced energy consumption. Given the widespread use of mobile applications and the prevalence of energy consumption-related problems, this work will impact both end users and developers by improving applications? energy efficiency and enabling further research in this area. The results of this research will also have marked educational impact through the training of future software engineers in predicting, estimating, measuring, and managing the effects of their system designs and implementations on energy consumption.This project includes three inter-related thrusts. The first thrust develops program analysis techniques for online measurement and visualization that provides energy consumption information to developers at the level of individual lines of an application?s source code. Using this capability, the second thrust identifies a set of energy-aware development best practices via an empirical study of the relationship between energy consumption and implementation structure at the application's architecture, design, and code levels. The third thrust uses the best practices to propose a set of energy-reducing refactorings to the developers and help them to identify the changes that will lead to the most energy efficient applications.