SHF: Small: Detecting and Repairing Accessibility Failures in Web Applications

SHF：小：检测和修复 Web 应用程序中的辅助功能故障

• 批准号: 2009045
• 负责人: William Halfond
• 金额: $ 49.58万
• 依托单位: University of Southern California
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2020
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2020-08-01 至 2024-07-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=2009045&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: SHF; Small; Detecting; Repairing; Accessibility

Companies create web applications to reach a broad audience and enable customers to access services and information. For many Americans, particularly the 26% with some type of disability, access to web applications is particularly important and can represent a critical lifeline for them, providing access to resources that would otherwise be inaccessible. However, a recent study found that 70% of internet sites have “accessibility blockers” that make critical functionality inaccessible to disabled users. These kinds of accessibility problems negatively affect the ability of disabled web users to successfully navigate a web application’s user interface and can cause a web site to become almost completely unusable to users who are physically unable to use the standard point-and-click mouse-based interfaces. This project will lead to the development of techniques for automatically finding these kinds of accessibility problems in web applications. These techniques will enable software developers to efficiently and accurately search through large web applications to find potential accessibility problems and provide the developers with useful information that will make the process of repairing the problems faster and more accurate.The project will encompass four technical research thrusts. The first thrust will define a key abstraction, the Keyboard Navigation Flow Graph (KNFG), which will represent the ways a keyboard-based user can navigate a web application, and develop automated techniques that can analyze a web page and automatically extract the KNFG. The second thrust will design graph-based algorithms for analyzing the KNFG that, with high accuracy, can detect a range of accessibility problems present in a web page. The third thrust will lead to the development of localization techniques that can identify the specific HTML or JavaScript elements in a web page that are responsible for the accessibility problems. The fourth and final thrust will explore the design of techniques for automatically repairing accessibility problems.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

公司创建Web应用程序以吸引广泛的受众，并使客户能够访问服务和信息。对于许多美国人，尤其是具有某种类型的残疾的26％的美国人而言，对Web应用程序的访问尤为重要，并且可以代表他们的关键生命线，从而提供对原本无法访问的资源的访问。但是，最近的一项研究发现，有70％的互联网站点具有“可访问性阻滞剂”，这使残疾用户无法访问关键功能。这些类型的可访问性问题对残疾Web用户成功导航Web应用程序的用户界面的能力产生了负面影响，并可能导致网站几乎完全无法使用，而这些用户实际上无法使用标准点击点击的基于鼠标的接口。该项目将导致技术在Web应用程序中自动找到这些可访问性问题。这些技术将使软件开发人员能够有效，准确地通过大型Web应用程序进行搜索，以发现潜在的可访问性问题，并为开发人员提供有用的信息，以使其更快，更准确地修复问题的过程。该项目将涵盖四个技术研究推力。第一个推力将定义一个键抽象，即键盘导航流程图（KNFG），它将代表基于键盘的用户可以导航Web应用程序的方式，并开发自动化技术，该技术可以分析网页并自动提取KNFG。第二个推力将设计基于图形的算法，用于分析KNFG，以高精度可以检测网页中存在的一系列可访问性问题。第三个推力将导致开发本地化技术，这些技术可以在网页中识别负责可访问性问题的特定HTML或JavaScript元素。第四个也是最终的推力将探索自动修复可访问性问题的技术的设计。该奖项反映了NSF的法定任务，并被认为是通过基金会的知识分子优点和更广泛的影响审查标准来评估而被视为珍贵的支持。