CPS: Frontiers: Collaborative Research: ROSELINE: Enabling Robust, Secure and Efficient Knowledge of Time Across the System Stack

准确和可靠的时间知识是网络物理系统的基础，用于传感、控制、性能和计算和通信的节能集成。这句话是这项建议的基础。新兴的CPS应用依赖于精确的时间知识来推断位置和控制通信。用来描述时间的语义是多种多样的，时间的质量随着我们在系统堆栈上下移动而变化。系统设计倾向于过度补偿这些不确定性，结果是系统可能被过度设计，效率低下和脆弱。知识价值来源于新的和基本的时间概念和时间质量（QoT）的整体度量，它捕获了包括分辨率、准确性和稳定性在内的度量。该提案构建了一个系统堆栈（“ROSELINE”），使时钟硬件、操作系统、网络服务和应用程序能够以新的方式学习、维护和交换有关时间的信息，影响组件行为，并健壮地适应动态QoT需求，以及操作条件中的良性和对抗性变化。受益于“时间质量”的应用领域将包括：智能grad、航空航天系统的网络化和协调控制、水下传感和工业自动化。该提案的广泛影响是由于该工作的基础性质，该工作构建了一个健壮且可调的时间质量，可以应用于遍及现代生活的广泛应用程序。该提案还将为研究生、本科生和K-12教室的研究和教育整合提供宝贵的机会。将通过出版物、软件开源和参与活动（如面向大学预科学生的洛杉矶计算机圈）进行广泛的推广。

Accurate and reliable knowledge of time is fundamental to cyber-physical systems for sensing, control, performance, and energy efficient integration of computing and communications. This statement underlies the proposal. Emerging CPS applications depend on precise knowledge of time to infer location and control communication. There is a diversity of semantics used to describe time, and quality of time varies as we move up and down the system stack. System designs tend to overcompensate for these uncertainties and the result is systems that may be over designed, inefficient, and fragile.The intellectual merit derives from the new and fundamental concept of time and the holistic measure of quality of time (QoT) that captures metrics including resolution, accuracy, and stability. The proposal builds a system stack ("ROSELINE") that enables new ways for clock hardware, operating system, network services, and applications to learn, maintain and exchange information about time, influence component behavior, and robustly adapt to dynamic QoT requirements, as well as to benign and adversarial changes in operating conditions. Application areas that will benefit from Quality of Time will include: smart grad, networked and coordinated control of aerospace systems, underwater sensing, and industrial automation.The broader impact of the proposal is due to the foundational nature of the work which builds a robust and tunable quality of time that can be applied across a broad spectrum of applications that pervade modern life. The proposal will also provide valuable opportunities to integrate research and education in graduate, undergraduate, and K-12 classrooms. There will be extensive outreach through publications, open sourcing of software, and participation in activities such as the Los Angeles Computing Circle for pre-college students.