CAREER: Illuminating the Impacts of Internet Censorship with Principled Network Measurements

互联网在设计时并没有考虑到信息控制，比如审查或监视。然而，它的重要性已经导致许多国家重新利用互联网协议（例如，域名系统（DNS）和边界网关协议（BGP））和网络管理产品（例如，Web代理，流量塑造器）来进行信息控制。这种网络技术的意外使用可能导致审查制度的意外国际影响，并在网络管理产品出口到使用它们侵犯人权的国家时引发许多伦理问题。为了应对这些挑战，本项目：(1)开发一个平台，可以对互联网审查进行可重复的测量，同时降低个人执行测量的风险；(2)设计技术来分析来自平台的数据，以检测不同类型的审查，甚至用于审查的特定网络管理产品；(3)使用该平台来量化对互联网产生意想不到的国际影响的国家审查实例。在全球范围内，利用技术限制言论自由和迫害持不同政见者是一个人权问题。该项目为政策讨论提供了高保真的技术数据。此外，技术分析提供了对国家审查对互联网的全球影响的见解，以及对现有协议（例如，DNSSEC， BGPSEC）的改进建议如何缓解这些问题。

The Internet was not designed with information controls, such as censorship or surveillance, in mind. However, its importance has led many nations to repurpose Internet protocols (e.g., the Domain Name System (DNS) and Border Gateway Protocol (BGP)), and network management products (e.g., Web proxies, traffic shapers) for information control. This unintended use of networking technologies can lead to unintended international impact of censorship, and raises many ethical issues when network management products are exported to countries that use them to violate human rights. To address these challenges, this project: (1) develops a platform which enables repeatable measurements of Internet censorship while mitigating risks to individuals performing the measurements, (2) designs techniques to analyze data from the platform to detect different types of censorship and even specific network management products used for censorship, and (3) uses the platform to quantify instances of national censorship which have unintended international impact on the Internet. The use of technology to restrict freedom of speech and persecute dissidents around the globe is a human rights concern. This project provides high fidelity technical data to inform policy discussions. Further, the technical analysis provides insights into the global impacts of national censorship on the Internet, and how proposed improvements to existing protocols (e.g., DNSSEC, BGPSEC) can mitigate these issues.