CIF: Small: Theory, Methods and Algorithms for Synthetic Aperture Interferometry Using Ultra-Narrowband Waveforms

合成孔径雷达(SAR)干涉测量是一种独特的传感器，可以提供全天候、全天候、高分辨率的全球范围内地球动力学过程的信息。该传感器现在是许多学科的组成部分，具有广泛的应用，包括环境遥感、地球科学和气候研究、地震和火山研究、地球地形的3D和4D绘制、海洋表面流监测、灾害和灾害监测以及与国防和安全相关的任务。用户需求的趋势表明，对信息内容的需求越来越大，最终目标是持续监测地球表面和动态现象。日益增长的信息需求要求更高的传输带宽、更高的发射功率以及更复杂和更大的系统设计。本项目为超窄带连续波形合成孔径干涉测量(UNB-CW)开发了一种全新的理论和后续方法和算法。与脉冲系统不同，UNB-CW系统具有低功耗、低成本、坚固耐用、环境友好、重量轻等特点，适合于微型卫星等低有效载荷平台。我们方法的核心是另一种成像范例，我们称之为多普勒-合成孔径雷达成像。传统的合成孔径雷达依靠宽带波形对位于高分辨率距离轮廓上的散射体进行成像。多普勒合成孔径雷达利用了高的多普勒分辨率和位于多普勒等高线上的散射体图像。本项目的目标是建立多普勒-合成孔径雷达范例中的基本干涉观测方程。研究人员研究了干涉相位关系；对基础参数和地形的敏感性；相应的适当相干关系；以及噪声、杂波和模糊对多普勒-SAR跨航迹干涉测量的影响。

Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) Interferometry is a unique sensor that can provide all-weather, day-and-night, high resolution information about Earth's dynamic processes on a global scale. This sensor is now an integral part of many disciplines with a wide range of applications including environmental remote sensing, geosciences and climate research, earthquake and volcanic research, 3D and 4D mapping of Earth's topography, ocean surface current monitoring, hazard and disaster monitoring, as well as defense and security related tasks. The trend in user requirements show an increasing demand for information content with the ultimate goal of global monitoring of Earth's surface and dynamic phenomena continuously. Ever-increasing demand on information requires higher bandwidth transmission, higher transmit power and consequently more complex and larger system design.This project develops a fundamentally new theory and subsequent methods and algorithms for synthetic aperture interferometry using ultra-narrowband continuous waveforms (UNB-CW). Unlike pulsed systems, UNB-CW systems are low-power, low-cost, robust, environmentally friendly, lightweight and suitable for low-payload platforms, such as micro-satellites. Central to our approach is an alternative imaging paradigm, which we refer to as Doppler-SAR imaging. Conventional SAR relies on wideband waveforms to image scatterers that lie on high resolution range contours. Doppler-SAR takes advantage of high Doppler resolution and images scatterers that lie on Doppler contours. The objective of this project is to establish the basic interferometric observable equations in the Doppler-SAR paradigm. The investigators study the interferometric phase relationships; the sensitivity to underlying parameters and topography; corresponding appropriate coherence relations; and study the effect of noise, clutter and ambiguities for the Doppler-SAR across-track interferometry.