CHS: Small: Toward a More Reflective Approach to 3D Model Building

最近3D打印的戏剧性崛起与20世纪80年代桌面打印的兴起有某种相似之处，但这两个现象之间也有一个重大区别：尽管创建能够利用新型个人激光打印机功能的数字文档相对容易，但事实证明，创建能够利用新型3D打印机潜力的复杂3D模型要困难得多。3D打印的工作周期对除最简单的模型之外的所有模型都需要高水平的技能，并且受到设计和生产过程之间的分离的阻碍。3D打印新物品的设计通常需要使用计算机辅助设计软件，但使用这种软件来建造实物与传统的3D工艺活动形成鲜明对比，在传统的3D工艺活动中，设计和建造可以同时进行，例如在陶器中，粘土可以沉积成圆形图案，形成一个碗。在这样的物理工艺中，设计师和手头材料之间的亲密互动建立了一个持续的反射反馈回路，促进了朝着令人满意的设计的更快收敛。该项目将通过直接弥合实物实物设计和3D打印对象数字建模之间的差距来简化新文物的创建，方法是创建一种笔，通过在物理空间中放置粘土、蜡或塑料线圈来有效地绘制3D图形，同时使用相同的移动和材料沉积来创建对象的数字3D模型，然后可以使用3D打印机打印。该项目将并行解决众多挑战。(1)在建立物理模型的材料存放方面，该项目将建立在现有的D-线圈挤压系统的基础上，但广泛地探索所沉积的物理材料，以找到一种可以平稳而稳定地挤压、干燥且收缩最小、允许自由竖立和悬垂结构的材料，并且在视觉上具有吸引力。(2)该项目不仅将探索加法运算，还将探索减法运算，这将允许设计师对已挤压的物理模型进行研磨或钻孔，并将这些减法记录在相应的数字3D模型中。(3)该项目将探索不同的方法，使设计师参与3D打印对象的物理实例化，使其处于更紧密、更具反射性的循环中，而不是通过在设计人员创建3D打印对象时向其提供快速、增量、中等分辨率的打印输出。将通过各种创新探索这种更具迭代性的方法，例如扩展现有的3D打印机，以便对打印机的移动进行更优化的调度，并开发技术，以确保在物体被移走进行检查和考虑后，打印机中的物体得到适当的重新对齐。

There is something of a parallel between the recent dramatic rise of 3D printing and the rise of desktop printing in the 1980s, but there is also a major difference between these two phenomena: While it was relatively easy to create digital documents that could leverage the capabilities of the new personal laser printers, it is proving far more difficult to create complex 3D models that can leverage the potential of the new 3D printers. The 3D printing work cycle requires a high level of skill for all but the simplest models, and is hampered by the separation between the design and production processes. The design of new objects for 3D printing generally requires the use computer-aided design software, but using such software to build physical objects stands in sharp contrast with traditional 3D craft activities in which design and construction can occur at the same time, such as in pottery in which coils of clay can be depositing in a circular pattern to create a bowl. In such physical craftwork, the intimate interaction between the designer and the material at hand establishes a constant reflective feedback loop promoting faster convergence towards a satisfactory design. This project will simplify the creation of new artifacts by directly bridging the gap between the physical hands-on design and digital modeling of objects for 3D printing by creating a pen that can effectively draw in 3D by depositing clay, wax, or plastic coils in physical space, while simultaneously using the same movements and depositing of material to create a digital 3D model of the object that could then be printed with a 3D printer.The project will address numerous challenges in parallel. (1) In terms of the depositing of material to build a physical model, the project will build on the existing D-Coil extrusion system but broadly explore the physical material that is deposited to find one that can be smoothly and steadily extruded, that dries with minimal shrinkage, that permits free standing and overhanging structures, and that is visually appealing. (2) The project will explore not just additive operations, but also subtractive, which would permit a designer to mill or drill a physical model that has been extruded and have these reductions registered in the corresponding digital 3D model. (3) The project will explore different ways to engage a designer in a tighter, more reflective loop with the physical instantiation of their 3D printed object than is currently possible by providing the designer with a quick, incremental, medium-resolution printout as they create it. This more iterative approach will be explored through a variety of innovations, such as by extending existing 3D printers to permit more optimal scheduling of printer movements, and by developing techniques to ensure proper realignment of the object in the printer after it has been removed for inspection and consideration.