CHS: Small: C3DaR - Collection, Creation, and Collaboration for Engineering Design and Reflection

创新现在被认为是经济增长和国际竞争力的关键。虽然原型制作、制造甚至工程工作经常外包给海外市场，但设计仍然是这个国家的关键产出。因此，必须通过新的设计概念、方法和工具提高设计师的创新能力，特别是工程设计人员，以支持变革性和创造性的设计思维。这个项目的目标是开发和测试一个用于早期设计的数字平台，称为C3DaR(工程设计和反思的收集、创建和协作)。C3DaR将通过应用计算机作为合作伙伴的范例来改变早期工程设计的创造性过程，在这种范例中，系统成为设计师、人工制品和媒体之间的伙伴关系的积极贡献者。作为该项目的一部分，进行的研究、教育和传播工作将极大地促进设计范式的转变，以提高我们国家的S创意设计能力。早期工程设计的特点是涉及多个参与者的非正式、非结构化和高度协作的工作过程，不同形式的表现媒体，以及设计师和人工制品之间的大量互动。为了探索和评估支持设计的新方法，该项目包括三个研究流，对应于C3DaR中的3C。(I)收藏包含了帮助设计师在创作过程的早期阶段收集材料的机制。所提议的机制的例子包括用于收集灵感材料的网络浏览器集成、用于将内容合成到多媒体蒙太奇中的设计剪贴簿以及用于组织和记录文本和分层思想的图表。(2)创作包括帮助设计者制作和修改设计文物的技术。这类技术的例子包括指导设计师绘制草图过程的文本和视觉提示，与朴素的物理引擎集成以实现直观的写生设计方法，以及自动完成2D草图以实现快速内容创建。(3)协作包括各种机制，使多个设计者能够协调他们的共同努力，同时避免干扰和最大限度地提高他们的生产力。例如，允许对设计制品、运动手势和注释进行类似社交媒体的讨论、标记和投票，以便于表达动态行为，以及集成的视觉冲突解决技术来协调团队。该项目的贡献是开发和测试一种全新的工程早期设计过程，该过程以数字媒体为支架，并与数字媒体紧密交织在一起。

Innovation is now recognized as critical to economic growth and international competitiveness. While prototyping, manufacturing and even engineering work are routinely outsourced to foreign markets, design remains a key output of the nation. It is therefore imperative to improve the innovative capacity of designers, particularly those in engineering, through new design concepts, methods and tools to support transformative and creative design thinking. The goal of this project is to develop and test a digital platform for early design called C3DaR (Collection, Creation and Collaboration for Engineering Design and Reflection). C3DaR will transform the creative process of early design for engineering by applying a computer-as-partner paradigm in which the system becomes as an active contributor to the partnership between designers, artifacts and media. The research, education and dissemination efforts conducted as part of this project will greatly facilitate a paradigm shift in design to improve our nation?s creative design capacity.Early design for engineering is characterized by informal, unstructured and heavily collaborative work processes involving multiple participants, disparate forms of representational media and a plethora of interactions between designers and artifacts. To explore and evaluate novel ways to support design, the project includes three research streams, corresponding to the 3 Cs in C3DaR. (i) Collection incorporates mechanisms to help designers gather materials in the early stages of the creative process. Examples of proposed mechanisms include web browser integration for collecting inspirational material, design scrapbooking for composing content into multimedia montages and diagramming for organizing and recording textual and hierarchical ideas. (ii) Creation encompasses techniques to help designers to make and modify design artifacts. Examples of such techniques include textual and visual prompting to guide the designer's sketching process, integration with a naive physics engine to enable an intuitive sketch-to-life design approach and auto-completion of 2D sketches to enable rapid content creation. (iii) Collaboration includes mechanisms to enable multiple designers to coordinate their combined efforts while avoiding interference and maximizing their productivity. Examples include allowing social-media-like discussion, tagging and voting for design artifacts, motion gestures and annotation to facilitate expressing dynamic behavior and integrated visual conflict resolution techniques to coordinate the team. The contribution of this project is to develop and test a radically new early design process for engineering that is scaffolded by, as well as closely intertwined with, digital media.