AGS-PRF: Observing and Diagnosing Mechanisms of Energy Balance in Temperate Freshwater Systems

淡水湖泊在向大气转移能量和碳方面发挥着微小但重要的作用。 目前的地球系统模型主要依赖于湖泊温度来确定这些系统的活跃程度，但在冬季结冰和过渡季节条件下，它们的作用并不充分。 该补助金下的资金将为早期职业研究人员提供机会，通过在中纬度湖泊中间的平台进行一系列测量来研究湖泊热力学的全貌。 该奖项的主要科学效益将是在广泛使用的社区土地模型中改进湖泊建模。 将积极征求当地高中生和本科生参与该项目，首席研究员还将致力于开发高中教学模块。来自该项目的数据，如冰层厚度，将以接近实时的方式传播给包括威斯康星州自然资源部在内的利益相关者，这将通过提高冰上捕鱼等主要冬季活动的安全性来造福公众和经济。淡水能量，动量和生物地球化学循环以其他陆地或海洋系统特有的方式耦合，但是对所有这些过程的观察和理论改进都是有限的。该研究项目将特别侧重于量化湖泊能量预算的所有部分，目标是实现完全的热力学关闭，以提高对冰盖变化和对地球化学反馈的过程水平的理解。研究人员将使用目前部署在湖泊上的全年涡动协方差通量数据，结合新颖的湖泊热测量，以了解时间湖泊过程，特别是在冬季。通过对控制地表热通量的过程的新见解，该项目将完善湖泊能量循环理论，并改善湖泊碳循环的预测，特别是在冰过渡期。

Freshwater lakes play a small but important role in the transfer of energy and carbon to the atmosphere. Current earth system models rely mainly on lake temperature to determine how active these systems are, but they do an inadequate job during wintertime ice and transition season conditions. The funding under this grant will provide an early career researcher the opportunity to study the complete picture of lake thermodynamics by making a suite of measurements from a platform in the middle of a mid-latitude lake. The main scientific benefit of this award will be improved modeling of lakes within the widely used Community Land Model. Local high school students and undergraduates will be actively solicited to participate with the project and the lead researcher will also work to develop high school teaching modules. Data from this project, such as ice thickness, will be disseminated at near real-time to stakeholders including the Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources, which will benefit the public and economy by increasing the safety of major wintertime activities like ice fishing.Freshwater energy, momentum, and biogeochemical cycles are coupled in ways unique to other terrestrial or ocean systems, but observations and theoretical improvements of all these processes has been limited. This research project will specifically focus on quantifying all parts of a lake energy budget with the goal of reaching a complete thermodynamic closure, in order to improve process-level understanding of changes in ice-cover and feedbacks to biogeochemistry. The researcher will use year round eddy covariance flux data currently deployed on a lake, in combination with novel lake thermal measurements, to understand time lake processes, particularly in winter. With new insight into the processes that control surface heat flux, this project will refine theories of lake energy cycling and improve prediction of lake carbon cycling, particularly during ice-transition periods.