Continental-Scale Studies of Mesospheric Dynamics using the Antarctic Gravity Wave Instrument Network (ANGWIN)

人们大多意识到在水面上看到的波浪或从风中感受到的波浪。类似的波在大气中大量存在，影响许多空气层，并在长距离上传输大量的能量和动量;它们还影响并有时触发许多与天气有关的过程。这些波被称为“重力波”;它们是整个中高层大气的大气环流和温度分布的关键驱动因素。研究重力波的来源、产生机制、传播特性和动力学特征，是大气科学、气象学、气候学、空间天气学等学科的重要课题。我们在天气预报和气候动力学方面的知识和建模的发展具有最高的社会重要性。虽然这些重力波最显著的影响在中低纬度最明显，但它们的产生和最初的驱动因素在极地地区得到了更好的研究。这项研究继续通过名为ANGWIN（南极重力波仪器网络）的多国研究工作对南极洲上层大气中的重力波进行全大陆范围的观测，该研究工作使用了部署在南极各站的最先进的宽视场相机和高级中间层温度测绘仪。拟议中的研究为美国帕尔默站和麦克默多站增加了新的成像仪，增强了在哈雷站和罗瑟拉站（英国），Comandante Ferraz站（巴西），Syowa站（日本），Davis站（澳大利亚）以及美国麦克默多站和南极站战略性分布的现有仪器。这将为泛南极调查重力波动力及其对高层大气的影响创造前所未有的能力。该项目将带来新的知识，更好地了解大陆尺度对中高层大气一般空气循环的影响，量化中间层重力波的特征、其主要来源、传播以及在南极大陆和周围南大洋的消散。这项研究是一项具有成本效益的投资，将推进地球空间领域的知识状态，因为安装和计划的仪器的安排将形成一个强大的观测系统，具有推进这一科学领域的巨大潜力。美国和国际合作者将对获得的图像和数据进行协调分析;数据和结果将通过一系列公开研讨会共享，促进讨论并确保在理解重要大气现象方面取得进展。

People are mostly aware of waves that are seen over water surfaces or felt from winds. Similar waves exist in abundance in the atmosphere, affecting many air layers and transporting enormous amount of energy and momentum over large distances; they also affect and sometimes trigger many weather related processes. These waves are called "gravity waves"; they are key drivers of the air general circulation and temperature distributions throughout the middle and upper atmosphere. Studying gravity waves, their sources, generation mechanism and propagation properties, and dynamic characteristics is a matter of high importance for many scientific disciplines including atmospheric science, meteorology, climatology, space weather, and others. Developments in our knowledge and modeling of weather prediction and climate dynamics are of a highest societal importance. Although the most significant effects of these gravity waves are best noticeable in the middle- and low latitudes, their generation and initial drivers are better studied from the polar regions. This research continues continent-wide observations of gravity waves in the upper atmosphere over Antarctica through the multinational research effort named ANGWIN (ANtarctic Gravity Wave Instrument Network) that uses state-of-the-art wide field cameras and Advanced Mesospheric Temperature Mappers (AMTM) deployed at various Antarctic stations. The proposed research adds new imagers to the U.S. stations at Palmer and at McMurdo, augmenting already existing instrumentation strategically distributed around the Antarctic continent at stations Halley and Rothera (UK), Comandante Ferraz (Brazil), Syowa (Japan), Davis (Australia), and at the U.S. stations McMurdo and South Pole. This will create an unprecedented capability for the pan-Antarctic investigations of gravity waves dynamics and their effects on the upper atmosphere. The project will bring new knowledge and better understanding of the continental-scale effects on the general air circulation of the middle and upper atmosphere, quantifying characteristics of mesospheric gravity waves, their dominant sources, propagation, and dissipation over the Antarctic continent and surrounding Southern Ocean. This research is a cost-effective investment that will advance the state of knowledge of the Geospace domain as the arrangement of installed and planned instrumentation will form a powerful observing system with a high potential for advancing this science field. The coordinated analysis of obtained images and data will be performed by the U.S. and international collaborator; data and results will be shared via a series of open workshops, facilitating discussions and assuring progress in understanding of important atmospheric phenomena.