RSB: Performance-based Decision Support System for Resilient and Sustainable Multi-Hazard Building Design

2011年日本东北部地震和海啸以及2012年飓风桑迪等事件对社会、经济和环境造成的巨大影响是不可持续的。为了提高社区对这种极端事件的抵御能力，建筑工程师和建筑师必须选择在建筑物寿命期间可能发生的任何和所有危险情况下都能令人满意的设计。因此，弹性和可持续建筑的设计师必须平衡多种相互竞争的利益。他们必须尽量减少与未知的未来极端事件相关的初始施工影响和重建影响。他们必须在针对一种危害进行优化的设计与针对另一种危害进行性能优化的设计之间进行权衡。最后，它们必须考虑到灾害和建筑性能之间的相互依存关系，例如自然灾害事件对长期耐久性的影响以及随后事件期间的性能。这项研究将调查一个综合框架，以支持早期的建筑设计决策，通过确定建筑系统，是符合利益相关者的偏好和最佳的多个危险以及多个指标的弹性和可持续性。决策支持系统将综合建筑设计和基于性能的设计，生命周期评估和决策支持方法研究的最佳实践。这项研究的结果将告知暴露于沿海和地震灾害的中层商业建筑的设计。这些建筑对于社区和政府的救灾职能以及社区的经济复原力至关重要。教育和推广活动将提高对实践和研究生学习中的多重灾害复原力和可持续性问题的认识，将培养K-12和本科生对科学，技术，工程和数学领域的兴趣，包括每年支持的本科生三次研究经验，并将提高科学和工程学生社区的多样性。目前可用的方法充分解决弹性和可持续的土壤，地基，结构和围护结构（SFSE）建筑子系统。然而，一个综合的决策支持方法，需要考虑危险和SFSE系统性能之间的相互依赖关系。 这项研究的成果将是一个多灾害建筑设计的决策支持框架，将提供强大的弹性和全生命周期的可持续性的估计，在广泛的SFSE系统和多种灾害。决策支持框架将整合灾害强度的全方位以及相互依赖的灾害和性能，以确定最佳和偏好一致的候选SFSE系统。SFSE系统的评估将分三个阶段进行：（1）使用评级方法生成适合现场的SFSE备选方案，以识别适用系统及其子系统相互依赖性，（2）基于现场和SFSE特定危险、脆弱性和损失曲线的概率性多危险弹性和可持续性性能评估，以及（3）性能度量的多目标和多标准优化以优先化候选系统。这项研究将创建决策框架，并制定方法，将灾害和SFSE系统，生成模型和数据集的中层办公楼下飓风，地震和海啸灾害，研究结果的不确定性的敏感性，并将框架应用于案例研究建设。

The high social, economic, and environmental impacts associated with events such as the 2011 Tohoku, Japan earthquake and tsunami, and 2012 Hurricane Sandy are unsustainable. To increase community resilience against such extreme events, building engineers and architects must select designs that will perform satisfactorily under any and all hazard scenarios that may occur during a building's lifetime. Designers of resilient and sustainable buildings must therefore balance multiple competing interests. They must minimize both initial construction impacts and reconstruction impacts associated with unknown future extreme events. They must make tradeoffs between designs that optimize for one hazard to the detriment of performance under a different hazard. Finally, they must account for interdependencies within and between hazards and building performance, such as the effect of a natural hazard event on long-term durability as well as performance during a subsequent event. This research will investigate an integrated framework to support early building design decisions by identifying building systems that are consistent with stakeholder preferences and optimal over multiple hazards as well as multiple indicators of resiliency and sustainability. The decision support system will synthesize best practices in building design and research in performance-based design, life-cycle assessment, and decision support methodologies. Results of this research will inform the design of mid-rise commercial buildings exposed to coastal and seismic hazards. These buildings are essential to community and governmental disaster-response functions as well as community economic resiliency. Educational and outreach activities will increase awareness of multi-hazard resiliency and sustainability issues in practice and graduate study, will foster interest in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics fields among K-12 and undergraduate students, including three research experiences for undergraduate students supported annually, and will enhance the diversity of the science and engineering student community.Currently available methods adequately address the independent design of resilient and sustainable soil, foundation, structure, and envelope (SFSE) building subsystems. However, an integrated decision support methodology is required to account for interdependencies between hazards and SFSE system performance. An outcome of this research will be a decision support framework for multi-hazard building design that will provide robust estimates of resiliency and full life-cycle sustainability over a broad set of SFSE systems and multiple hazards. The decision support framework will integrate the full spectrum of hazard intensity as well as interdependent hazards and performance to identify optimal and preference-consistent candidate SFSE systems. Assessment of SFSE systems will occur in three phases: (1) generation of site-appropriate SFSE alternatives using a rating method to identify applicable systems and their subsystem interdependencies, (2) probabilistic multi-hazard resiliency and sustainability performance assessment based on site- and SFSE-specific hazard, fragility, and loss curves, and (3) multi-objective and multi-criteria optimization of performance metrics to prioritize candidate systems. This research will create the decision framework and develop methodologies for incorporating hazards and SFSE systems, generate models and datasets for mid-rise office buildings under hurricane, earthquake and tsunami hazards, study the sensitivity of results to uncertainty, and apply the framework to a case study building.