SusChEM: The development of recyclable catalysts and reagents using mechanochemistry.

通过这个奖项，化学合成项目支持辛辛那提大学化学系的James Mack教授探索一种被称为机械化学的无溶剂方法，以发现在溶液中无法观察到的新的合成途径。这项研究旨在为许多常见的合成反应开发机械化学方法，目的是减少有害废物。一个主要的重点是通过使用聚合物支撑试剂和金属反应瓶作为催化剂来开发可回收的催化剂。回收昂贵催化剂的能力将大大降低进行许多反应的总成本。麦克教授将通过向学生介绍无害环境的化学原理，把这个项目的研究和教育内容结合起来。他的项目培养了一个研究和学习环境，在高中生、本科生和研究生之间有重叠的经历。在这种环境下，高中生由本科生指导，本科生又由研究生指导。这些联系为年轻的学生介绍了研究生教育，并为成功提供了榜样。学生所经历的师徒关系对第一代大学生尤其有益，因为他们中的许多人之前对研究生教育一无所知。这项研究旨在进一步开发一种称为球磨（一种机械化学）的无溶剂合成方法，以提高化学反应的效率，并减少危险的溶剂浪费。球磨是一种过程，其中固体化学反应物首先与球轴承一起放入反应容器中。容器被密封并放置在铣削装置中，在那里它被高速搅拌。这种搅动通过钢球提供能量来引发反应。目前的研究重点是利用聚合物载体试剂和金属反应瓶开发可回收催化剂。计划中的研究将展示聚合物载体试剂的新活化途径以及金属催化剂活化的新机制。由于机械化学是一个相对较新的领域，控制反应的许多规则还没有被很好地理解。本研究将使用金属反应瓶促进金属催化的化学反应。这将有助于更好地理解金属催化剂在配体和无溶剂环境中的反应性。此外，在无溶剂条件下使用聚合物载体试剂将为聚合物载体的活化提供新的机理见解。通常，这类反应受到扩散速度缓慢的限制；然而，在机械化学条件下，这一限制有望很容易地被克服。机械化学反应将与溶液反应进行比较。

With this award, the Chemical Synthesis Program is supporting Professor James Mack at the University of Cincinnati Department of Chemistry to explore a solvent-free method known as mechanochemistry to discover new synthetic pathways that are not observed in solution. This research seeks to develop mechanochemical methods for many common synthetic reactions, with a goal of reducing hazardous waste. One major focus is on the development of recyclable catalysts through the use of polymer supported reagents and metal reaction vials, which act as catalysts. The ability to recycle expensive catalysts will significantly reduce the overall cost to conduct many reactions. Professor Mack will integrate the research and educational components of this project through the introduction of students to principles of environmentally benign chemistry. His program fosters a research and learning environment with overlapping experiences among high school, undergraduate, and graduate students. In this environment, high school students are mentored by undergraduates, who are in turn mentored by graduate students. These connections introduce younger students to graduate education, as well as providing role models for success. The mentorship experienced by students is especially beneficial to first generation college students, many of whom have had no prior knowledge about graduate education. This process is intended to increase the pipeline of STEM students, especially women and underrepresented minoritiesThis research seeks to further develop a solvent-free synthetic method known as ball-milling (a type of mechanochemistry) to improve the efficiency of chemical reactions and to reduce hazardous solvent waste. Ball-milling is a procedure in which solid chemical reactants are first placed inside a reaction vessel along with a ball bearing. The vessel is sealed and placed inside a milling apparatus where it is agitated at high speed. This agitation provides energy through the steel ball to initiate a reaction. The present research focuses on the development of recyclable catalysts through the use of polymer supported reagents and metal reaction vials. The planned research will demonstrate new activation pathways for polymer supported reagents as well as new mechanisms for the activation of metal catalysts. Because mechanochemistry is a relatively new field, many of the rules that govern reactions are not well understood. This research will use metal reaction vials to facilitate metal catalyzed chemical reactions. This will lead to greater understanding of the reactivity of metal catalysts in a ligand and solvent-free environment. Additionally, the use of polymer supported reagents under solvent-free conditions will provide new mechanistic insights on the activation of polymer supports. Typically these types of reactions are limited by the slow rate of diffusion; however, under mechanochemical conditions this limitation is expected to be easily overcome. Mechanochemical reactions will be compared to their solution counterparts.