The Thracian harbour city Ainos in Roman and Byzantine times - the development of a traffic hub in a changing environment

在优先计划（SPP 1630）的第一个资助期内，阐明了阿伊诺斯及其周边地区的主要古地理变化。我们证明，在过去的五千年里，以前的大型海洋海湾经历了重大的蜕变，从一个ria型海岸转变为一个简化的海岸。由于这种基本的形态形成，后来的定居山，在最大海侵时期是一个岛屿，通过石坑和海滩屏障-泻湖群与大陆相连。在罗马-拜占庭时期，这一过程继续进行，并为港口的安装提供了完美的环境背景。不幸的是，阿伊诺斯有一个古老港口的确切证据一直难以捉摸。然而，根据地球物理数据和地质考古证据，已经确定了几个潜在的港口地点。此外，可以提高对罗马和拜占庭城市地形的了解，特别是关于古城墙的发展和位于海滨附近的防御工事的年代。罗马陶器（精美的陶器）和古代建筑的大理石元素提供了有关阿伊诺斯贸易关系的宝贵信息。在SPP的第二阶段，将完成在Ainos的研究。一个主要目标是确定港口的位置。为了实现这一目标，(i)将在有关地点挖壕；（ii）代表罗马-拜占庭时期的沉积物相，应确定年代并进行高精度分析；（iii）在有希望的港口地点进行无人机（八旋翼机）飞行。有了额外的沉积物岩心，地质样带将有助于确定罗马和拜占庭地层的厚度、延伸和特征。在此期间的环境变化将通过对微动物群的高分辨率研究来阐明，而AMS-14C将提供一个时间框架，如果可能的话，还将提供诊断人工制品。此外，打算在超区域一级评价住区发展和经济，首先从为阿伊诺斯取得的结果开始。在申请资助的1.5年（至2016年底）期间，研究计划分为三个步骤：准备和实现最终的实地考察季节（第一步）；在实验室对选定的样品进行分析和定年，整理档案，参观Edirne的博物馆（第二步）；撰写最终报告和论文，在国际期刊上发表（步骤3）。在第二阶段结束时，计划举办一个讲习班，包括外部专家，以便评价和协调来自地质考古学、地球物理学和遥感以及考古学、古代历史和建筑的所有数据。

During the 1st funding period of the Priority Programme (SPP 1630) the major palaeogeographic changes in and around Ainos were elucidated. We demonstrated that during the last five millennia, the former large marine embayment has undergone significant metamorphosis, changing from a ria-type coast to a simplified coast. Due to this fundamental morphogenesis, the later settlement hill, which was an island during the maximum marine transgression, was connected to the mainland by tomboli and beach barrier-lagoon-complexes. In Roman-Byzantine times, this process continued and provided the perfect environmental context for the installation of harbours. Unfortunately, definite proof for an ancient harbour at Ainos has been elusive. However, based on geophysical data and geoarchaeological evidence, several potential harbour sites have been identified. Furthermore, knowledge of the topography of the Roman and Byzantine city could be improved, especially concerning the development of the ancient city wall and the chronology of fortifications, which are located near the waterfront. Roman pottery (fine wares) and constructions elements of marble of ancient architecture provide valuable information about the trade relations of Ainos. During the 2nd period of the SPP, the research at Ainos will be finalised. A major target is to identify the locations of the harbours. In order to achieve this goal, (i) trenches will be dug at relevant sites; (ii) sediment facies, representing the Roman-Byzantine period, shall be dated and analysed with high precision; (iii) flights with UAVs (octocopter) will be carried out at promising harbour sites. With additional sediment cores, geological transects will help to identify the thickness, extension and character of the Roman and Byzantine strata. The environmental changes during this period will be elucidated using a high-resolution study of the microfauna, while a chronological framework will be provided by AMS-14C and, if possible, diagnostic artifacts. Additionally, the evaluation of the settlement development and of the economy at a supra-regional level is intended, starting with the results obtained for Ainos. During the 1.5 years (until the end of 2016), for which funding is requested, the research plan is subdivided into three steps: preparation and realisation of the final fieldwork season (step 1); analysis and dating of selected samples in the laboratory, work on archives, and visit of the museum in Edirne (step 2); writing of the final report and papers for publication in international journals (step 3). At the end of phase 2, a workshop is planned, including external experts, in order to evaluate and harmonize all of the data from geoarchaeology, geophysics, and remote sensing, as well as archaeology, ancient history and architecture.