Microwave Spectroscopy for Magnetic Nanowires - Exploring Fundamentals and Designing Devices

生物标记在医学界被用作标记并用于细胞和生物物种的分选。商业标签，如荧光团，仅限于提供7个唯一地址。这项研究计划开发一种方法，创建至少30个独特的标签，可用于标记多达30个细胞或生物物种。大多数标记技术还需要观察单个细胞，这对于大样本来说可能是耗时的，或者如果使用快速图像处理则是不准确的。我们的方法结合了磁性纳米线技术与射频技术，以表征和检测独特的纳米线链系统。我们使用射频信号来测量磁性材料的铁磁共振特性。通过检测零直流偏磁铁磁共振，我们可以同时读出30根纳米线的材料属性的基础上的纳米线集。该解决方案将彻底改变诊断和多细胞医学研究。类似于从条形码到QR码的飞跃，这些纳米线和纳米线阵列将为纳米医学提供一个巨大的飞跃，因为大样本（例如组织或整个小瓶）将被多路复用，从而可以同时检测标签的比例。 此外，该研究将支持本科和研究生教育的劳动力发展，并将通过提供探索基础物理，设计材料科学，以及建立诊断工具来设计和合成解决方案，以提高对致命疾病的成功诊断。这项研究将产生各种磁性纳米线系统，用作生物标签。射频（RF）信号结合传统的磁性方法将用于表征制造批次。一旦理解，射频数据将被用来帮助检测它们作为类似的和混合的纳米线系统。材料的纳米线阵列将基于特定的金属系统“单一或混合（Co、Fe、Ni、CoFe、NiFe）”，其表现出将对应于不同标签地址的独特铁磁共振响应。RF信号将被观察为对应于特定铁磁材料的信号频率响应中的锐零。 这些研究对于确定RF信号和材料系统的特定特征至关重要，从而导致在制造环境之外表征磁性纳米线的独特方法。拟议的研究将涉及纳米线的设计和合成（例如直径为10-200 nm，长度为0-100微米），以及使用定制高速芯片诊断系统来评估基于静态和动态磁行为的单一和混合材料系统的材料特性表征。来自纳米线诊断的反馈将用于重新设计解决方案，以确定FMR频移。 一个主要目的是产生“原位或自”DC偏压，其由通过仔细设计用于9-40 GHz范围内的零频率的多层铁磁/铁磁纳米线配置形成的“有效场”产生。

Bio-labels are used as labels and for sorting of cells and bio-species in the medical community. Commercial labels, like fluorophores, are limited to offering 7 unique addresses. This research proposes to develop a method of creating at least 30 unique labels that can be used to label up to 30 cells or bio species. Most labeling techniques also require observation of individual cells, which can be time consuming for large samples or inaccurate if fast image processing is used. Our approach combines magnetic nanowire technology with radio frequency technology to characterize and detect unique nanowire strand systems. We use radio frequency signals to measure the ferromagnetic resonance properties of the magnetic material. By detecting the zero DC magnetic bias ferromagnetic resonance, we can read out 30 nanowires simultaneously based on the material properties of the nanowires set. This solution will revolutionize diagnostics and multi-cell medical research. Similar to the leap from barcodes to QR codes, these nanowires and nanowire arrays will provide a quantum leap to nano-medicine because large samples (e.g. tissues or whole vials) will be multiplexed so that ratios of labels can be detected simultaneously. Additionally, the research will support workforce development of undergraduate and graduate education and will enrich the team's outreach efforts to the K-12 STEM community by providing experience and exposure to exploring fundamental physics, designing materials science, and building diagnostic tools to design and synthesize solutions to enhance the successful diagnosis of deadly diseases.The research will produce a variety of magnetic nanowire systems that can be used as bio-labels. Radio frequency (RF) signals in combination with traditional magnetic methods will be used to characterize the fabricated batches. Once understood, the radio frequency data will be used to aide in the detecting them as similar and mixed nanowire systems. The nanowire arrays of materials will be based on specific metal systems "single or mixed (Co, Fe, Ni, CoFe, NiFe)" that demonstrate unique ferromagnetic resonance response that will correspond to distinct label addresses. The RF signal will be observed as a sharp null in the signal frequency response corresponding to a specific ferromagnetic material. These studies are essential to determine the specific signature of the RF signal and material system, whereby leading to a unique methods for characterizing magnetic nanowires outside of the manufacturing environment. The proposed research will involve design and synthesis of the nanowires (e.g. 10-200 nm in diameter and 0-100 microns long) as well as characterization of material properties using custom high speed chip diagnostic systems to evaluate single and mixed material systems based on static and dynamic magnetic behavior. Feedback from the nanowire diagnostics will be used to re-design solutions that will allow determination of FMR frequency shifts. One major aim being to create "in-situ or self" DC bias that result from an "effective field" formed by careful design of multilayered ferromagnetic/nonmagnetic nanowire configurations for null frequencies in the 9-40 GHz regime.