SHF: Small: Collaborative Research: Designing a Programming Language for Patient-Oriented Prescriptions

标题：SHF：Small：协作研究：为以患者为中心的报道设计编程语言医院中的医疗差错每年导致美国医院200万至400万人受伤和44万人死亡；这相当于美国年死亡人数的六分之一。尽管花费了数十亿美元，电脑化仍未能解决这一问题。这一失败可以归因于对医疗保健处方性质的普遍误解。该项目将处方概念化为程序，并利用这一基本见解在减少医疗差错方面取得重大进展。该项目的学术价值包括对特定领域语言的构建和维护的新见解，以及开发促进机器和人类之间协作的高可靠性软件的新的通用方法。该项目更广泛的意义和重要性是开发强大的工具，以提高美国医疗保健的有效性和安全性。主要成果是为临床医生提供一个公共领域的、开源的框架，用于设计、创建、调试和处理大量用于管理医疗问题的处方；为研究人员提供工具来获取有关医疗干预效果的数据；最终为进行队列研究、统计过程控制试验和随机对照试验提供简单、廉价的手段。该项目正在设计和构建面向患者的处方编程语言(POP-PL)，目标是使用软件工程技术来实现和维护高度可靠的电子处方。这项研究导致了基于事件的编程的新方法，发现医疗差错的新型系统和分析，用于提高处方和程序总体可靠性的新的调试和迭代精化技术，以及基于医疗保健中已经发生的阶段性的概念化阶段性编程的新方法。

Title: SHF: Small: Collaborative Research: Designing a Programming Language for Patient-Oriented PrescriptionsMedical errors in hospitals cause 2 to 4 million patient injuries and 440,000 deaths in US hospitals annually; this amounts to one-sixth of annual US deaths. Despite the expenditure of billions of dollars, computerization has failed to solve this problem. This failure can be attributed to a pervasive misunderstanding of the nature of healthcare prescriptions. This project conceptualizes prescriptions as programs and uses this essential insight to make significant progress in reducing medical error. The intellectual merits of this project include new insights regarding the building and maintenance of domain-specific languages and new general methods for developing high-reliability software that facilitates collaboration between machines and humans. The project's broader significance and importance is the development of powerful tools for improving the efficacy and safety of healthcare in the US. The main upshots are to give clinicians a public-domain, open-source framework for designing, creating, debugging, and tackling a broad array of prescriptions for managing medical problems; give researchers tools for acquiring data about the effect of healthcare interventions; and eventually to provide a simple, inexpensive means for conducting cohort studies, statistical process control trials, and randomized controlled trials.The project is designing and building the Patient-Oriented Prescription Programming Language (POP-PL) with the goal of using software engineering techniques to implement and maintain highly reliable electronic prescriptions. The research leads to new approaches to event-based programming, new type systems and analyses to find medical error, new debugging and iterative refinement techniques to improve reliability of prescriptions and programs generally, and new ways to conceptualize staged programming based on the staging that already occurs in medical care.